1、.现在完成时现在完成时的构成:助动词have (has) + 过去分词用法:1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去常见时间状语有:already, yet, before, recently, for, since, never, ever, once, twice, so far, up to now, in the past/last . years等疑难拓展:1. since 和 for的用法区别 since 用来说明动作的起始时间,for用来说明动作延续的长度。 1)使用since的情
2、况:since + 一段时间 + ago e.g. I have been here since five years ago. since + 一个过去的时间点 e.g. I have been busy since last Tuesday. since + 一般过去时态的句子 e.g. I have visited many places since I came to Canada.2)使用for 的情况:for + 一段时间 e.g. I have taught English for about 15 years.2. already和yet的区别already 多用于肯定句当中,
3、通常位于过去分词之前;yet多用于疑问句或否定句的末尾。3. 现在完成时中,短暂性动词与一段时间连用的两种方法 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等都是短暂性动词,不能直接跟表示一段时间的状语连用。短暂性动词与一段时间连用可通过以下两种方法:1)用相应的延续性动词替代:become be, come be, close be closed, open be open, catch have, come/arrive be (in), leave/go
4、 be away, start/begin be on, finish be over, buy have, borrow/lend keep, join be in/be a member (of), die be dead, fall asleep be asleep, go to sleep sleep, get married be married, get up be up, make friends be friends, move be out (of), put on wear, 等。e.g. I have kept this book for five days. 这本书我已
5、经借了五天了。2)用“It is ( has been) + 时间段+since从句 e.g. It is three years since he bought the computer. 他买这台电脑已有三年了。4. have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in的区别have/has been to表示某人“去过某地”,现在已经不在某地了(人已经回来了);have/has gone to表示某人“去了某地”,可能在去的路上,也可能已经到达某地(人没回来);have/has been in表示某人“在某地”,可以和延续性时间状语连用
6、。e.g. He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他去过长城两次。(人已回来) He has gone to the cinema. 他去看电影了。(人没回来) He has been in Tibet for two years. 他在西藏待了两年。(人在西藏,表示动作的延续)5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别1)侧重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响,而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间,与现在无关。e.g. I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(
7、现在仍记得电影的内容) I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的时间)2)时间状语不同:现在完成时常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副词以及for, since+过去时间/从句/一段时间+ago”等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与“一段时间+ago”,just now, yesterday, last week等表示过去时间的状语连用。e.g. She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。.