初一下英语语法总结.doc

1、初一下英语语法总结一：一般现在时： 功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-

2、es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它（be动词后+not）如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。（be动词放句首）如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?（疑问词） （一般疑问句）2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称

3、单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-

4、cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_teach_二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) din

5、ner at home. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday .5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.1

6、0. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18.

7、 The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes playing compu

8、ter games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确

9、的写在横线上)1. Isyour brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _二、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行

10、时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词（ing形式）：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing_ dance_put_ see_buy_love_

11、live_take_come_get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空，并划出句中的时间状语：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.

12、7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its5oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im

13、playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_三、一般将来时理论及练习（一）、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时 间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 （二）、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do. （三）、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加n

14、ot或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.（四）、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?（五）、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who

15、例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?（六）同义句be going to = willI am going

16、 to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_ your mother

17、 _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.6.Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.7.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8.We wil

18、l meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。划出句中表示时间

19、的短语。11.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _(watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15.Its Friday today. Wha

20、t _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16.What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18.Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19.David _ (give) a puppet show

21、 next Monday.20.I _ (plan) for my study now四、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子，要借助动词did

22、 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如： Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双

23、写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride

24、-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _drink_ play_ go_ make _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ draw_ put _throw_ kick_ pass_ do_Be动词的过去时练习（1）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two years ago. 4.T

25、hey _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling _eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、句型转换1. It was exciting.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. All the students were very excited.否定句：_一般

26、疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. They were in his pocket.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I _ an English teacher now. 2.She _ happy yesterday.3.They _ glad to see each other last month. 4.Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5.The little dog _ two years old this year. 6.Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7.

27、There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8.Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _

28、 (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型转换1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.否定

29、句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2. Nancy went to school early.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_3. We sang some English songs.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_行为动词的过去时练习（2）Name _ No. _ Date _一、用be动词的适当形式填空，划出句中表示时间的短语。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the pa

30、rk. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterf

31、ly.过去时综合练习（1）一、用动词的适当形式填空，划出句中表示时间的短语。1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball ju

32、st now. (play)7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.过去时综合练习（2）一、用动词的适当形式填空，并划出句中的时间状语。1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.2. Gao Sha

33、n _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)8.

34、She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)五形容词，副词的比较级：表示“比更”（-er）（一）：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ；tall Long (二)：以e结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词词尾直接+_;nice_ wide_ (三)：“以_ +_结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词先_变_,再加_。busy_ early_ easy_ busy_(四)：以_音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)的单音节和少数双音节的形词，副词，要_最后一个辅音，再+_。big_ hot_ red_ thin_(五)：多音节和部分双音节的形同此，副词，一般在此类词前面+_构成最高级形式。interesting_ relaxing_ exciting_ carefully_注意：（1）比较级的句子中最常见的一个词than比。 （2）比较级常用于两者的比较。六：形容词，副词的最高级：表示“最”（-est）(一)：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ；tall