中考英语语法笔记整理大全3.doc

1、中考英语语法笔记整理大全名 词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the) 代 词 数 词 连 词 动 词1一般现在时 形 容 词 和 副 词 介 词 动 词 的 语 态1、被动语态的构成肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下： 式 时一 般进 行完 成现在Am / is /are + givenAm/is/are +being + givenHave / has +been +given过去Was / were + gi

2、venWas / were + being + givenHad +been + given将来Shall/ will + givenShall / will +be + givenShould /would + be + given 含情态词的Can / may /must +be +given主动语态变被动语态的步骤:主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was

3、broken步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。1. He gave me the book just now. The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、选择填空1.The question _by us

4、 soon. A.is going to discussB.will discussC.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he_.A.must look after B.must be taken care C.must be looked after D.must take care of 3. All the new words _up in the dictionary yet.A.have looked B.havent loo

5、ked C.have been lookedD.havent been looked4.There was no room for you. All the seats _.A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken 5. A model ship _his son by Mr More.A.was made for B.was made to C.made for D.makes for6.-Dad, please open the door, it _.-OK, dear. I am coming. A.was locked

6、B.locks C.is locked D.locked7. This kind of sweater_very soft.A.is felt B.feels C.feel D.is feeling8.-Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon?-Yes. Every student_about it.A.told B.has told C.was told D.tells9.The cake _delicious.A.smell B.is smelled C.is smel

7、ling D.smells10.My father has given up smoking since he _on.A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated 11.A new school _ these days.A. is building B. is builtC. well build D. is being built 12. The cake _delicious. A. smell B. is smelled C. is smelling D. smells13.I_there would be a

8、 football match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told14.The librarian told me that the book_for two weeks. A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept15.When_this kind of computer _?is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used16.The n

9、ew computers_to the village school as present last month.are given B. given C. were given D. gave17.I really dont know_about it.A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do18.Your shoes_. Youd better come to get them in half an hour.are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have be

10、en mended19.Though he had often made his little sister_,today he was made_by her.A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry20.When_the accident_?A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。Some ideas _(give) to college students by him yesterday.-Do you

11、like the music “Moonlight”?-Yes, it _really beautiful!(sound)He wont come to the party unless Sue _.(invite)The chair needs_.(repair)“Quick” is another way of _“fast”.(say)This kind of bike _in that factory, but you cant buy it now.(make)Cotton _in the country.(plant)Man-made satellites _by Chinese

12、people.(send)This kinds of shoes _out by now.(sell)The room must _ clean every day.(keep)动 词 不 定 式 宾 语 从 句知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！2 宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序eg, Could you tel

13、l me whats the matter with u?(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .3宾语从句的时态 (1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.You are telling me that you wont stop until

14、tomorrow?(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。eg,They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

15、eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.eg, You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. The teacher asked

16、the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted2. Could you tell me _ ?A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. hats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with

17、you .3.He asked me _ I could sing the song “My Heart will Go On.” A. if B. weather C.what D. that4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns5. It makes no difference _.A. whether will you come tomorrow.B. Whether or not will be pass the examC. If he will co

18、me to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who 8. The old man told us _ and _. A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what

19、 to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do 练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！1.-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about? - We a

20、re talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you pl

21、ease tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look li

22、ke D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes

23、 from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D.

24、 what does he do 状 语 从 句 各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件If, unless原因As, because, since地点Where目的So that, in order that结果So that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式As 比较than, (not)asas, 时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来

25、都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说

26、不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！2Because,as,since 的区别：Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”。如：Water is very im

27、portant because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.3suchthat, sothat, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下：1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that。如：This was such a goo

28、d film that I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在“形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”结构中，当名词前有m

29、any, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pass the exam.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！.选择填空：1. The man cant get on the bus because there _ no room on it.A. was B. is C. are D. were2. I was listening to the music _ there was a knock at the door.A. while B. when C. because D.

30、 until3. You may leave the classroom when you _ writing.A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished4. I dont know if he _ tomorrow, if he _ ,Ill meet him.A. will come, comes B. comes, comesC. will come, will come D. come, will come 5. _ I read, the more I understand.A. The more

31、B. So much C. How much D. For all6. Would you give Johnny this letter if you _ to see him this week.A. will happen B. happen C. are happened D. happened7. She was busy, _ she couldnt go to your birthday party last night.A. and B. so C. or D. but8. English is _ a useful language _ it is spoken in man

32、y countries of the world.A. sothat B. suchthat C. sobecause D. suchbecause9. You will not succeeded if you _ harder.A. will work B. wont work C. work D. dont work10.Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly.A. since B. for C. because D. so that11._ he failed , he went on doing the ex

33、periment.A. Even B. Yet C. Although D. in spite of12.The light went out while we _ supper.A. had B. had had C. were having D. would have13.His brother has worked there _ he left school.A. when B. after C. since D. until14.The boy didnt stop talking _ the second bell rang.A. when B. until C. after D.

34、 because15. _ I came into the office, the teacher were having a meeting.A While B. When C. Once D. Since.用动词的适当形式填空：1. It _ (be) nearly two years since we went to the party last.2. He is hungry, because he _ (not have ) his breakfast yet.3. When Toms mother came home, little Tom _ (cry) loudly.4. I

35、_ (not know) it until you _ (tell) me.5. They started as soon as they _ (receive)my telephone.6. He _ (leave) as soon as he _ (drink) his coffee.7. Edison placed a big mirror behind the lamps so that the doctor _ (operate).8. He _(be) better today than he _ (be) yesterday.9. I hope you _ (be) happy

36、while you _ (be)here.定 语 从 句先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。如：China is a country which / that has a large population.先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：The man who is mending the machine has been retired.注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, fe

37、w, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didnt understand the words all that he said. 2先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.当主句是

38、以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.He is a friend _ can help you in time of need.A. who he B. whose C. / D. whoThe most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, thatThis is the only

39、 one of these books that _worth reading.Ahas B. have C. is D. are The man _ talked to you just now is my father.A. who B. he C. which D. whoseThey thought too much about _.A. which I had said B. what I had saidC. that I had said D. I had said1 Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birt

40、hday?A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them 4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or

41、actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, w