小学1-6年级英语重难点知识大汇总.docx

1、小学1-6年级英语重难点知识大汇总语法易错点1. a, an的选择:元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择:单数用is ,复数用are. I用am , you用are.3. have , has的选择:表示某人有某物.单数用has ,复数用have. I ,you用have .4. there is, there are的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is ,复数用there are.5. some, any的选择:肯定句用some,疑问句和否定句用any.6.疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里

2、) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)形容词比较级当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:什么+动词be (am , is , are ) +形容词比较级+ than(比)+什么,如:Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:一般的直接在词尾加e

3、r ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger ,以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine finer ,以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier双写最后的字母再加er,如big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.应该改为:My hair is longer than yours.或My hair is longer

4、than your hair.动词过去式动词的过去式的构成规则有:A,规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang ,

5、eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt动

6、词现在分词详解一般的直接在后面加上ing ,如doing , going , working , singing , eating以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting人称代词主格及宾格人称代词分为主格和宾格，主格和宾格区别：主格和宾格汉语意思相同，但位置不同。Eg:I(主格)我- me (宾格)我主格在陈述句中通常放句首，宾格通常放在动词后或介词后，也就是说宾格，不放在句首。Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)Excuse m

7、e (me 宾格)I ask him to go (him 宾格)They sit in front of me (me 宾格)主格(8个)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我们you 你们they他(她、它)们宾格(8个)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我们 you你们 them他(她、它)们句型专项归类1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student.She is a doctor.He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom.2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定

8、意义词的句子,如:Im not a student.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital.There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.注意小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词not.有动词be的句子则not加在be后面,可缩写成isnt,arent,但am not一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上not,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如dont , doesnt , didnt ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,

9、其中does只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而did只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用did .3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用yes,或no来回答.如:Are you a student ？Yes, I am No, Im not.Is she a doctor？Yes, she is. No, she isnt.Does he work in a hospital ？Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注

10、意小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中does只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而did只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用did .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why

11、 , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用yes ,no来回答.如:What is this？Where are you going？Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？When do you usually get up？Why do you like spring best ？How are you？注意小结:其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量), how much(多少(钱), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how

12、big(多大), how heavy(多重)例句:How many pencils do you have ？How many girls can you see ？how many用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种搭配,How many +名词复数+ do you have你有多少How many +名词复数+ can you see你能看见多少How many +名词复数+ are there有多少完全,缩略形式1、简缩形式的变法：把倒数第二个字母，通常是元音字母变成 但are除外，are要把a打成 。Eg:he is=hes they are=theyre2、简缩形式和完全形式的汉语

13、意思相同。3、把完全形式变成简缩形式时，一定要注意第一个字母的大小变化。Eg:What is =Whats4、记住一个特殊变化;lets =let us 让我们(不要把 变成i)5、记住：this is 没有简缩形式thiss(错误)6.常见的缩略形式：Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they arecant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let uswont=will not Ill=I will wasnt=was not