成本会计复习提纲(精简版).doc
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1、CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION TO COST ACCOUNTINGcost management:identifies, collects, measures, classifies, and reports information that is useful to managers in costing (determining what something costs), planning, controlling, and decision making什么是成本会计:成本会计是收集、整理成本信息,计算产品、劳动等成本对象的成本,并利用成本信息来编制企业的财务报表、进行成本
2、控制和为企业的内部经营与决策踢空依据的管理活动。问答:Explain the relationship between the Financial Accounting System and the Cost Management System?答案:A financial accounting system is mainly concerned with producing information for the companys external users. Financial accounting information is used for investment decision
3、s, stewardship evaluation, activity monitoring, and regulatory measures. The rules that govern a financial accounting system are defined by the Securities Exchange commission (SEC) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Outputs of a financial accounting system include the standard fina
4、ncial statements which include the income statement, balance sheet, and the statement of cash flows.The cost management system is concerned with producing information for the companys internal users and is designed to meet management objectives. A cost management system has three broad objectives -
5、to provide information on: costing of products and services, planning and control activities, and decision making activities.CHAPTER 2BASIC COST MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS基本概念: Cost Objects are anything for which costs are measured and assigned. They may include: products, customers, departments, projects,
6、 activities, and so on. Example: a bicycle is a cost object when you are determining the cost to produce a bicycle. Activity: A basic unit of work performed within an organization. Example: setting up equipment, moving materials, maintaining equipment, and designing products. Indirect costs: Costs t
7、hat cannot be easily and accurately traced to a cost object.Example: the salary of a plant manager, where departments within the plant are defined as the cost objects. Direct costs: Costs that can be easily and accurately traced to a cost object.Example: the salary of a supervisor of a department, w
8、here the department is defined as the cost object, or bricks delivered to a house that is being constructed by a contractor, where the house is the cost object. Traceability: The ability to assign a cost to a cost object in an economically feasible way by means of a causal relationship. Driver:The f
9、actors that cause changes in resource usage, activity usage, cost, and revenues. Allocation: The least accurate cost assignment method. Often, no causal relationship exists between the cost and the basis used to assign the cost to the cost object.Assignment of indirect costs to cost objects is calle
10、d allocation.Prime Cost is the sum of direct materials cost and direct labor cost.Conversion Cost is the sum of direct labor cost and overhead cost.EXTERNAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTSIncome statement rely on:Cost of goods manufacturedCost of goods soldProduction costs are assigned to products or services
11、and do not become expenses until the point of sale. Marketing and administrative costs are period costs and are deducted as an expense on the income statement in the period incurred. Nonproduction costs do not appear on the balance sheet.Example:The cost of goods sold for the Tricky Corporation for
12、the month of June 2011 was $450,000. Work-in-process inventory at the end of June was 95 percent of the work-in-process inventory at the beginning of the month. Overhead is 80 percent of the direct labor cost. During the month, $110,000 of direct materials were purchased. Revenues for Tricky were $6
13、00,000, and the selling and administrative costs were $70,000. Other information about Trickys inventories and production for June was as follows:Ending inventories-June 30Direct materials$ 19,000Work in process?Finished goods105,000Beginning inventories-June 1Direct materials$ 22,200Work in process
14、40,000Finished goods208,500Required:a.Prepare a cost of goods manufactured and cost of goods sold statements.b.Prepare an income statement.c.What are the prime costs, conversion costs, and period costs?ANS:Tricky CorporationStatement of Cost of Goods ManufacturedFor Month of June 2011Direct material
15、s: Beginning inventory*$ 22,200 Add: Purchases*110,000 Materials available$132,200 Less: Ending inventory* 19,000Direct materials used in production $113,200Direct labor128,500Manufacturing overhead ($128,500 0.80)102,800Total manufacturing costs added$344,500Add: Beginning work in process *40,000Le
16、ss: Ending work in process ($40,000 0.95)38,000Cost of goods manufactured (from COGS statement)$346,500DM used = $22,200 + $110,000 $19,000 = $113,200CGM = $450,000 + $105,000 $208,500 = $346,500Total manufacturing costs added = DM + DL + MOH$344,500 = 113,200 + DL + MOH$231,300 = DL + MOH$231,300 =
17、 DL + MOH = 0.80 DL $231,300 = DL + .8DL$231,300 = 1.8DL$128,500 = DLMOH = 0.80 DLMOH = 0.80 128,500 = 102,800Tricky CompanyStatement of Cost of Goods SoldFor Month of June 2011Cost of goods manufactured$346,500Add:Beginning finished goods*208,500Cost of goods available for sale $555,000Less: Ending
18、 finished goods* 105,000Cost of Goods Sold*$450,000 *These items are provided.Tricky CompanyIncome StatementFor Month of June 2011Sales*$600,000Less: Cost of goods sold*:Add: Cost of goods manufactured$346,500Beginning inventory finished goods*208,500Cost of goods available for sale $555,000Less: En
19、ding inventory finished goods*105,000450,000Gross margin$150,000Less operating expenses: Selling expenses* Administrative expenses*70,000Operating Income$ 80,000Conversion costs= direct labor and overhead = = $128,500 + $102,800 = $231,300Prime costs = DM + DL = $113,200 + $128,500 = $241,700Period
20、costs = $70,000CHAPTER3COST BEHAVIOUR定义:成本总额与特定业务量在数量方面的依存关系(whether a cost changes when the level of output changes)。1. 基本概念fixed cost:in total are constant within the relevant range as the level of the activity driver varies.variable cost:in total, vary in direct proportion to changes in an activi
21、ty driver.mixed cost:the cost that have both a fixed and a variable component.在相关范围内,随着业务量的增加,总固定成本保持不变,单位固定成本逐渐减少,总变动成本逐渐增加,单位变动成本保持不变。相关范围(relevant range)不会改变固定成本和变动成本性态的有关区间和业务量的特定变动范围。2. 分解混合成本1) 三种定量方法:高低点法,散点图法,最小二乘法Y = F + VX (需要估算F与V的值)高低点法(high-low method)基本原理:两点确定一条直线注意:一定要选取业务量的最高与最低的两点为目
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