MBA容易混淆的英语单词.doc

1、1.able, capable, competentable为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor

2、. (他是一位很好的大夫。)competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)2.aboard, abroad, board, broadaboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。如：I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad.board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane

3、now.broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders.3.accept, receiveaccept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。)4.accident, incident, eventaccident事故。如：a traffic accident (交通事故)incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常

4、是由以前的努力而产生的结果，也指国家和社会的事件。5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attainaccomplish表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如：Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力，事情都已完成了。)complete 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如：Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗？)finish 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如：Ill

5、finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)achieve 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如：You will achieve success if you work hard.Attain达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如：Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.6.accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate准确的，精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应

6、该是准确的。)correct“正确的”，指符合一定的标准或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”，“精密”。7.accuse, charge, sueaccuse 指责，指控，常与of 搭配。如：His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常与with搭配。如：The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常与for 搭配

7、。如：Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.8.achieve, acquire, require, inquireachieve(成功地)完成，实现。如：He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作，将会一事无成。)acquire取得，获得，学到。如：acquire knowledge (获得知识)inquire打听，询问。如：inquire a persons name(问一个人的姓名)require需要。如：We require more help.

8、(我们需要更多的帮助。)9.act, action, deedact 用作名词时，与action, deed均可表“行为”，“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为，强调结果。如：The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)action较正式，往往指不止包含一个步骤，且持续时间较长的行为或行动，强调行为的过程。如：Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)deed为正式用语，多指伟大的，显著的，感人的行为。如：T

9、hey thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)10.actual, true, real, genuineactual 意为“实际的”，“现实的”，指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在，而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。true“真实的”，指与实际相符，而非虚假。genuine “真的”，“非冒充的”，“货真价实的”，强调正宗而非冒牌。11.adequate, enough, sufficientadequate 足够的，指数量多，适合需要的数量。enough足够的，指数量多，足够满足某种目的或愿望。sufficient同enough，常可互换

10、使用。但sufficient指数量多，足够满足某种需要，在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient，在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后，且可作副词，sufficient则不可这么用。12.admit, confess两者都表“承认”。admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如：John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)Confess常指承认错误，罪行等。如：The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。)1

11、3.advice,adviseadvice劝告(名词)。如：I want to give you some advice.advise劝告(动词)。如：What do you advise me to do?14.adopt, adaptadopt (1)收养。如：Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子，所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳，采用，通过。如：He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)adopt与adapt词形

12、相近，后者的意思是“使适合”，“改编”等。15.advance, proceed, progress均可表“前进”。advance表向一个特定的目的地，在一定的时间或空间内稳定地向前运动。如：Napoleons army advanced on Moscow. (拿破仑的军队向莫斯科挺进。)proceed强调从一处向另一处的运动，常表停顿后继续前进。如：They proceeded from London to Paris. (他们从伦敦往巴黎前进。)peogress 多表自然过程，指生长，发展等稳定地或循环往复地前进。如：The year is progressing, it will so

13、on be summer. (光阴似箭，很快又是夏天了。)16.advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位，机会或时机。如：He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗？)benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如：I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益

14、。)17.advise, convince, persuade均可表“劝说”。advise表建议，规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如：He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)convince指向某人陈述事实，运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如：We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如：I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)1

15、8.affect, effectaffect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果，影响(名词)。如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.19.afford, provide, supply都有“提供，供给”的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同，两个词都和with连用，构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。20.agree, consentagree 为常用词。如：Do you agree to th

16、e condition? (你同意这个条件吗？)consent为正式用词，多用于上下级的关系，表示同意别人的要求或请求。如：Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗？)21.aid, help, assist用作动词均可表“帮助”。aid为正式用词，help最常用。assist最正式，表示协助某人做某事，尤指在体力上或具体事务上帮助和扶持。如：She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名妇女帮她做家务。)22.alive, living, livealive 指虽有死的

17、可能，但仍活着，一般只作表语。living可用于人或物，作定语时可前可后。live只做前置定语，用于动物和个别事物前。23.almost, nearly一般说来，almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。在all, every, always 前，两者都可用。如：He is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用，而nearly却不能。如：Almost no one believed her. (几乎没人相信他。)24.alone, lonel

18、yalone只表“独自”的客观状态，没有感情色彩，只作表语；lonely表“孤独”，：“寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如：When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)alone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能记起这段经历。)25.already, all readyalready已经(副词)。如：The plane had already landed before we g

19、ot to the airport.all ready准备好的(作表语)。如：We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.26.alter, change作不及物动词时，两者可通用。作及物动词时，alter是对局部，表面的改变，而change则是对本质的，全面的，彻底的改变。如：Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗？)Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗？)27.altogether, all togetheraltogether总计，总共。如：Altogether

20、 there are six of us. (我们总计六人。)all together 全都在一起。如：We played the game all together. (我们大家都一起来玩游戏吧。)28.amaze, astonish, surprise都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。29.among, betweenamong 在中间(三者或三者以上之间)。如：Our house is hidden amo

21、ng trees.between在两者之间。如：It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.30.announce, declareannounce指宣布公众期望或与公众有关的事情，含有预告的意味。如：The government announced that they would pay their debts. (政府宣布将偿还债务。)declare指正式负责地宣布，声明，通常用于庄重的场合。如：The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)31.annoy, bother, tro

22、uble, disturbannoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受，或指某人故意去妨碍别人。bother打扰，麻烦，指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如：May I trouble you with a few questions?disturb打扰，扰乱，指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏，精力一时不能集中。如：I am sorry to disturb you.32.answer, reply, respond用作动词，都可表“回答”，“答复”。answer是常用词，后可接letter(回信)，question(回答问题)，doorbell(开门)，telephone(接电话)，adver

23、tisement(应征广告)等。reply较正式，一般只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)respond作“回答”解，用得较少，也同to 搭配。如：He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)另外，respond还可表“对反应”，“响应”。33. appreciate, enjoyappreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。enjoy是一般用语，仅指感官或智力上的满足，“享受”的意味较强。34. approve, proveapprove(1)赞成

24、，同意。如：I dont approve of wasting time.(我不赞成浪费时间。)(2)批准，通过。如：The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。prove和approve词形相似，prove是“证明”，“表明是”等。35. argue, debate, disputeargue着重“说理”，“论证”，“企图说明”，且后可接that引导的从句。debate着重双方各自陈述理由，尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如：The subject was hotly debated.dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”，含有

25、“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如：He disputed with his wife on household expenses.36. arise, rise, raisearise表无形的东西(如困难，问题等)“出现”，“发生”。rise指具体事物的“上升”，“升起”，也是不及物动词。如：The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。)raise为及物动词，“使上升”，“举起”等。如：He raised his hand.(他举了手。)37. assure, ensure, insureassure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生，后需连用人称代词或指

26、人的名词作宾语。ensure表普通的“保证”。insure表“保险”，有时同ensure可以换用。38. awake, wake, waken都可作动词。awake既可及物，也可不及物，多用于比喻。wake常指“睡醒”，多为不及物动词。waken多用作及物动词，常指“吵醒”，“惊醒”。39. await, waitawait是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.wait“等”、“等候”，是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate.40. award, prize, rewarda

27、ward, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品，奖金等)”，后面可跟双宾语；reward意为“报酬”，“酬谢”，只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。award, prize, reward作名词时，award常指奖金，奖品；prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖；reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。41. base, basisbase表事物的下部的底部，多用于具体事物。basis多用于比喻，主要指命题的基础。如：His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。)42. beat, winbeat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作

28、宾语。Win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)43. beneath, below, underbeneath表示同表面接触，与on 相对。Below表示“在下面，低于”，与above相对。under表示“在正下方”与over相对。44. beside, besidesbeside在旁边。如：Come and sit beside me.besides除之外。如：I have two other umbrellas besides this one.45. big, great, largebig强调体积，质

29、量，容量和重量大。如：a big box。Big也有抽象意义，指重大的事件或行为。如：a big mistakegreat带感情色彩，多指程度和质量，指具体事物或人时，表“突出”，“引人注目”。如：a great manlarge多指面积，数目或数量大。如：a large population, a large number等。46. bloom, blossombloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如：The roses are blooming.blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如：The apple trees are blossoming.47. borrow, lendborrow借入。

30、如：Can I borrow your pen for a moment?lend把借给。如：Can you lend me your bike?48. bring, takebring带来。如：Bring me some water, please.take拿走。如：Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?49. calculate, compute, estimatecalculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂，难度较大的精确计算。如：You cant expect a schoolboy to calculate distance

31、s in pute常指比较简单的运算。如：It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.estimate估计，常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如：Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next years rainfall.50. cheat, deceive, trickcheat欺骗，常用词，主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如：The boy deceived the tea

32、cher by lying.trick哄骗，表示耍手段进行欺骗，强调在行骗时使用计策，有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如：Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.51. childish, childlikechildish幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.childlike孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her f

33、ace.52. choose, pick, select, electchoose是一常用词，表一般的“选择”。pick通常用于不需要认真权衡，对比就能做出决定。select侧重“在同类的许多东西中，进行有斟酌的精选”。elect指选举或用其他方法推选人。53. cloth, clothingcloth布。如：I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.clothing衣服(总称)。如：Youd better give all the old clothing away.54. complex, complicated均可表“复杂”。complex为常

34、用词。complicated为正式用词，表由于组成部分太多，相互关系太复杂而不能理解，语气很强。55. compose, consist, constitutecompose为常用词，常用被动语态，如用主动语态，主语应用复数形式。如：Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人组成陪审团。)consist表一个整体由几个部分组成(只能用主动语态)。如：The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(联合王国是由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。)constitute为正式用词，与consist相反，表由哪

35、些部分构成整体。如：Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二个月。)56. considerable, considerateconsiderable相当多的，可观的。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。)considerate 考虑周到的，体谅的。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人，不打扰我们。)57. consistent, constant, continual, continuousconsistent一致的，符合

36、的。如：His action is always consistent with his words.constant不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise.continual频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health.continuous不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and chan

37、ge.58. crack, crashcrack(使)破裂，砸开。如：I can crack it, but I cant break it. (我能把它弄裂，但不能把它弄破。)crash摔坏，坠毁。如：The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飞机起飞不久就坠毁了。)59. crawl, creepcrawl多指蛇，虫类等身体沿地面或其他表面的动作。如：There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一虫子正在你的背上往上爬。)creep多指哺乳动物或人等用四肢爬行的动物偷偷摸摸无声缓慢的前行动作。如：

38、They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我们迟到了，便悄悄地溜进教室。)60. cure, treatcure治愈，医治。如：The medicine will cure of your disease.(这药能治好你的病。)cure表示治好，treat只表示“给治病”。61. current, present均可表“现在”，“目前”。current强调在现阶段正在流行，通用，但不一定是最新的。如：current English (当代英语)present为常用词，指现在正在通用的，在时间上比current的范围更窄。如：Whats yo

39、ur present address?(你现住址是哪里？)62. custom, habit均可表习惯。custom为正式用词，多指社团或人们的习惯行为方式。habit为常用词，多指个人因多次重复而形成做某事的趋势或意愿。如：He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的坏习惯。)63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin均可表“破坏”，“损坏”。damage一般指部分性的破坏，含可修复使用。destroy指十分彻底的毁坏，破坏。如：The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake

40、.(地震中整个城市被毁了。)harm多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可是精神的。如：Doctors say smoking harms our health.(医生说吸烟对身体有害。)ruin为正式用词，强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏，用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声，期望等。如：She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在画上，把它毁了。)另外，ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”。64. decrease, reducedecrease多表示逐渐缩小。如：The swelling decreased d

41、aily.(肿胀日渐消退。)reduce为常用词，使用范围较大，可指尺寸，数量，规模和程度等，也可指地位，经济状况。如：He wont reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)65. dependent, independentdependent依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.Independent 不依靠的，独立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.66. desert

42、, dessertdesert沙漠。如：Have you ever been to a desert?Dessert甜食。如：What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?67. discover, inventdiscover发现。如：A coal mine has been discovered in that area.invent发明，创造。如：A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.68. duty, responsibility均有

43、“责任”之意，可换用。duty意义较广，多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如：I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。)69. effective, efficient均可表示“有效的”。effective常用以指物，强调能产生某种预期的效果。如：effective medicine, effective method等。efficient“效率高的”，“有能力的”，用以指人或物，着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如：The German

44、 telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)70. economic, economicaleconomic经济(学)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)economical节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time.71. electric, electrical, electronic三词都与电有关electric着重于发电的，电动的或导电的。如：electric generator(发电机)；electric light(电

45、灯)electrical多指本身不产生电，但是与电有关的。如：electrical engineering(电机工程)；an electrical transcription(广播唱片)electronic 电子的，电子操作的。如：electronic engineering(电子工程学)72. emergence, emergencyemergence是emerge的名词形式。Emergency意为“紧急情况”，“突然事件”。73. everyday, every dayeveryday每日的，日常的(作定语)。如：This morning exercise has become my ev

46、eryday routine.every day每天(作状语)。如：She gets up early every day.74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand都表忍受，忍耐。bear忍受，容忍，指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如：It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)endure忍耐，书面语，指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如：It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)stand忍受，与bear同义，但较口语化。如：She cant stand having nothing to do.(没事干，她受不了。)toler