英语专业--英雄相遇各领风骚—拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄的比较.doc

1、 毕业设计（论文）题目：英雄相遇，各领风骚 拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄的比较 When heroes encounter, they show their own charismasThe comparison of Byronic hero and Hemingway hero When heroes encounter, they show their own charismasThe comparison of Byronic hero and Hemingway heroA ThesisSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

2、sFor the Bachelors Degree in English Language and LiteratureCONTENTSAbstract in Chinese.Abstract in English.Introduction11. Different essential spirit.21.1. Byronic heros essential spirit.31.2. Hemingway heros essential spirit.52. Different personalities.52.1. Byronic heros personality.62.2. Hemingw

3、ay heros personality73. Different views on love.83.1. Byronic heros view on love113.2. Hemingway heros view on love.11Conclusion.12Bibliography13Acknowledgements.14ii摘要拜伦式英雄源于18世纪诗人拜伦的作品中的某些主人公，海明威式英雄是指海明威作品中的一系列主人公。拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄都是英雄，他们都敢于为人类和个人的理想而战，并坚持不懈。然而拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄都是一定社会机制下的产物，两种社会机制的异同，在一定程度上造

4、就了这两种英雄人格的异同。本论文主要从两者细微的差别入手，挖掘其各自的精神内涵，人格上的差异以及在对待爱情上观念有何相异的地方， 从而能更加全面的了解拜伦式英雄与海明威式英雄，也能使我们能更好地向学习英雄的精神品质。关键词：拜伦式英雄；海明威式英雄；精神内涵；人格相异；爱情观ABSTRACTThe term Byronic Hero originates from the heroes in works of Byron, a poet in the18th century. Hemingway Hero refers to a series of heroes in Hemingways w

5、orks. Byronic hero and Hemingway hero are both heroes for they both dare to fight for the ideals of human beings and themselves, and never gives up. However，Byronic hero and Hemingway heroes are the product of certain social institutions, and the similarities and differences between social instituti

6、ons, to a certain extent, must create two different kinds of characters. This paper will mainly explore the two heroes subtle differences from their own essential sprit, their unique personality and their different views on love as well. Therefore we will have a better understanding of Byronic hero

7、and Hemingway hero and their spirits in a better way.Key words: Byronic Hero；Hemingway Hero；essential spirit；different personalities； love外语系2012届毕业论文IntroductionByron is a shining pearl in British literature, so is Hemingway in American literature. Their own works, unique writing style and so on ha

8、ve been studied by thousands of literary celebrities. Liang Qichao took Byron as the designate of hero in his works. Philip Yang, who made a profound study on Hemingway, proposed a concept of code hero, namely the Hemingways grace under pressure. However, the two authors main contribution to literar

9、y is not only focus on their excellence works and writing style but also the heroes they created respectively, that are Byrons Byronic hero and Hemingways Hemingway hero.Lord George Gordon Byron, the most renowned English-Language of his day, was famous in his life time for his personality cult for

10、his poetry. His influence on European literature-both by what he wrote and by the general idea of the romantic figure-Byronic hero-was very great.The Byronic hero is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron which first appeared in Byrons semi-autobiographi

11、cal epic narrative poem Childe Harolds Pilgrimage. Byronic hero was manifested by many authors and artists of the Romantic Movement and by writers of Gothic fiction during the 19th century. Captain Wentworth in Persuasion by Jane Austen(1818), Heathcliff from Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights, and Roc

12、hester from Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre are all 19th-century examples of Byronic heroes.The Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin who, to some extent, modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself. The figure would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all t

13、he wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.Byron has shaped a series of Byronic heroes, such as Manfred in Manfred, Childe Harold in C

14、hilde Harolds Pilgrimage, and Don Juan in Don Juan. And these heroes often show up like a protester, a rebel or a savior. Byronic heroes are so famous that their names are used as a synonym of seeking for individual freedom and personal liberation.Ernest Hemingway is a literary giant in the 1920s in

15、 American literature, figuring the Hemingway hero, has become the spirit watcher of Hero mythology of 20th among western literature where the hero is absent.Hemingway writes all his life about one theme, which is summed up in the famous phrase“grace under pressure”. He writes this theme together wit

16、h a Hemingway hero. Hemingways world is a world essentially chaotic and meaningless, in which man fights a solitary struggle against a force he does even understand. The awareness that it must end in defeat, no matter how hard he strives against it, engenders a sense of despair, but the Hemingway he

17、ro possesses the despairing courage. It is this courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity. This is the essence of a code honor in which all of Hemingways heroes believed. Hemingways characters, Jake Barnes in The Sun Also Rises, Frederic Henry in A F

18、arewell to Arms, Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls, Schatz in A Days Wait and Santiago in The Old Man and The Sea are all typical Hemingway heroes.Byronic hero had a positive effect on revolution, whose struggle performed as an uncompromising resistance on social. In the European National Lib

19、eration Movement of 1820s, Byronic heroes played a very important role in exposing the reactionary force as well as in calling on people to combat.Byronic hero had a positive effect on revolution, whose struggle performed as an uncompromising resistance on social. In the European National Liberation

20、 Movement of 1820s, Byronic heroes played a very important role in exposing the reactionary force as well as in calling on people to combat.Hemingway hero, known as a code hero, who has never been defeated by the spirit, often appears in Hemingways works as a protagonist. These dauntless characters

21、have been influencing one generation by another in a strong way of being against fate and of expressing grace under pressure.However, the Byronic hero and Hemingway heroes are the art reflection of the authors thoughts and weakness. Their individualism, anarchism, and world-weary mood as well as the

22、ir own contradictoriness on mind and disposition may have a bad impact on readers too.Byronic hero and Hemingway hero have the same essential characteristics， but they come from a different time and space，naturally，they will highlight their own personality1. Different Essential Spirit1.1. Byronic he

23、ros essential spirit“Byronic heroes and Hemingway heroes are the product of certain institution with their own essential spirit.”(沈一鸣，2005)Byronic hero was born in a transitional period of human societyIn the second half of the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution in England made Britain become t

24、he “workshop of the world” and the English bourgeoisie made huge profit The rapid capitalist development ruined the peasants who had to wander for work. They were exploited and in some places their hours work would hardly pay for the daily bread. Thus they broke their masters weaving machines to sho

25、w their hatred of the capitalists and capitalist exploitation.July 14, 1789 saw a great event in Europe which was the French Revolution. The revolution destroyed the feudal economic base. Its influence swept all over Europe, especially over England. And the revolution proclaimed the natural rights o

26、f man and the abolition of class distinction. This, of course, was welcomed by the working people in Britain. Clubs and societies such as the London Corresponding Society and other radical organizations multiplied in Britain, all asserting the doctrine of“liberty, equality and fraternity”, the watch

27、words of the Revolution.From above mentioned we know that the old system has blocked social developmentIn order to cater to the new tendency, peoples claim of breaking the fetters became stronger and stronger. On the other hand, the new relation of production required a full release of personal pote

28、ntial. For example, in the economic field, capitalist entrepreneurs could obtain huge space of money-making once they freed from the shackles of traditional mechanism. In the cultural field, the artists began to create according to their wishes instead of being under control of the“Benefactor” so th

29、at they can reflect their independence in their works. Thus many heroes like Byronic heroes are appeared in literature. But from another perspective, capitalist value is not only promoting human personality and freedom, but also restricting and disintegrating them at the same time. Because people ha

30、ve also witnessed a variety of social corruption and suffered from the cruelty and inhumanity on the growth of capitalism. Whats worse, the old feudal system still exists to suppress human nature. However, human idealism never been extinguished under the repression of the social a political mechanis

31、m. On the contrary, people resisted and shattered all fetters and obstacles., even if God, fate or life itself. All of these are the embodiment of Byronic hero who rebels everything by his individual power, distains everything with rational eyes and measure everything on a proper scale.In an age of

32、turmoil and upheaval, Byronic heros essential spirit is to oppose unfair treatment and conventions in the current society.Heathcliff, a protagonist of Wuthering Heights, though is not the same age as the hero Byron described, he fully demonstrates peoples claim in the 18th century to pursuit freedom

33、 and be against social injustice. We can see Byronic heros essential spirit from Heathcliff which refers to as challenging authority and unfair treatment in order to pursuit true love and freedom. Therefore, this paper takes Heathcliff, a typical Byronic hero, as an example to illustrate this kind o

34、f heros noble spirit.Heathcliff, an orphan brought back by old Mr. Earnshaw who is very kind and treats the orphan like an over-indulged pet. And his daughter soon became a constant playmate of Heathcliff as well. While her brother, Hindley, hatred him for usurping his fathers affections. When his f

35、ather died, Hindley became the master and returned from college with his wife who disliked Heathcliff and drove him to the company of the servants. Then Heathcliff only had one human relationship with Catherine. When Heathcliff overheard Catherine said that it would degenerate her to marry him, he r

36、an away bitterly. In his absence, Catherine married to a wealthy man, Edgar Lindon.The betrayal of lover together with his terrible living environment makes him become much more lonely and rebellious. He begins to revenge, while his revenge actually embodies his resistance and resentment to the soci

37、ety. In the current British society, a marriage between families must be of equal social rank. Therefore their love is bound to be the victim of the society. All of these impel him to resist on the injustice from the destiny and the society. At the same time, he dares to break the social conventions

38、. Here conventions refer to servants should follow the owners arrangements, even for their marriage and fate, without a world of complain. However, Heathcliff has the courage to disobey the orders to pursuit his love and freedom. In Chapter 15, he is ready to take risks and asks Nelly to help him to

39、 convey letters only for the sake of seeing his beloved Catherine. When not permitted, he even can not wait to break into her house. In addition, after he learns that her husband is to go back home in no time, he is still unwilling to leave. And he cried out： “Oh, Cathy！ Oh, my life！ How can I bear

40、it”(Emily Brontes,2011)1.2. Hemingway heros essential spiritHemingway hero came into being in the first half of the 20th century. During this period, individual freedom was further confirmed. People, whether in law or in norm, have gotten more freedom. However, people did not get what they expected

41、in deed.The United States entered the First World War in 1917, but the war fundamentally transformed the outlook of many Americans. As the war scare and enthusiasm dissipated, some of those who had fought the war“to make the world safe for democracy”soon perceived themselves to have been deceived an

42、d were disappointed.After the First World War, consumerism reached its peak when America witnessed an unparalleled economic boom. Money other than man became the master of life. The majority of population began to indulge themselves in creature comforts. Whats worse, economic crisis in the 30s broug

43、ht about great trauma to people. To many Americans the 1930s was a dark decade. The Wall Street crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression. As a consequence, food prices dropped and more factories closed. People had to draw out their savings from the banks in order to survive the cri

44、sis. Many banks forced to close because they had no money left. Unemployment and poverty made people fall into despair. However, some Americans were confused. They could not understand why millions of people suffered from starvation in a powerful country with rich resources, great productivity and a

45、bundant food. They were furious. They attributed this to the profiteers and bankers. They completely lost their confidence in the Government and the economic system.The First World War along with economic crisis made peoples beliefs and values almost into fragments. As sure as a gun, people were dyi

46、ng to salve their soul and to reconstruct their spirit under such chaotic environment, which of course would get a new type of hero-Hemingway hero ready for his appearance. And Hemingway heros mission in such a world essentially chaotic and meaningless is to untiringly seek meaningful life and obtai

47、n victory in spirit at the same time.For example, Robert Jordan, the protagonist of For Whom the Bell Tolls, is a prime example of this kind of hero, who can endure a life full of stress and tension with courage and grace. For Whom the Bell Tolls published in May 1937, at the height of the Spanish Civil War. “Robert Jordan is an American volunteer for the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, who has left the United States to enlist on the Republi