博士研究生入学考试英语试题、参考答案与解析.doc

1、xxx大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Listening Comprehension (15 points)(请将答案写在答题纸上)Section OneDirections: In this section you will hear a talk about some language problems you may encounter while in the United States. The speaker will mainly talk about five problems. Listen to the recording and write down t

2、he five problems. Make your answers as brief as possible. You will hear the recording twice.(请将本部分15题的答案写在答题纸上)Topic: language problems you may encounter in the United States1_2_3_4_5_Section TwoDirections: In this section you will hear a lecture by a journalism professor. Listen to the recording an

3、d take notes to fill in the outline below. You will hear the recording twice.(请将本部分615题的答案写在答题纸上)Main Idea: Government regulation of television has had limited success and will continue to be a challenge in the future.Original problems/reasons for regulation: watching TV violence leads to violent be

4、havior _ _ Solutions: Telecommunications Act TV industry responsibility: ratings system _Manufacturer responsibility: V-chips _ _Continuing problems: V-chips _ _Ratings system _ _Part Reading Comprehension (40 points)(请将答案涂在答题卡上，从16题开始)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each pass

5、age is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Sometimes, over a

6、 span of many years, a business will continue to grow, generating ever-increasing amounts of cash, repurchasing stock, paying increased dividends, reducing debt, opening new stores, expanding production facilities, moving into new markets, etc., while at the same time its stock price remains stagnan

7、t (or even falls).When this happens, the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range.Take, for example, Wal-Mart. Over the past five years, the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%, profits by over 100%, and yet

8、the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed. An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security, deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today, however,

9、 the equation is completely differentdespite the stock price, Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores, and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat, largely because some Wal

10、l Street analysts question how fast two of the worlds largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy.Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago, in 1996,the stock traded between a range of $ 36.10 and $

11、54.30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $1.40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0.50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2.48Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40.30 and $ 45.30 per share; squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a d

12、ecade prior! Yet, despite the stagnant stock price, the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $ 2.16 (a rise of 54%), the cash dividend has more than doubled to $1.20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7.40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%)

13、, and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from 2.481 billion to an estimated 2.355 billion due to the companys share repurchase program.16This passage is probably a part of _.AFind Hidden Value in the Market BBecome RicherCGet Good Bargains DIdentify Good Compani

14、es17The italicized word “stagnant” (Line 4, Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as _.Aprominent Bterrible Cunchanged Dprogressing18Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because _.Ait has stored a large quantity of goodsBit has become financially more powerfulCit has been eager to collect money

15、to prevent bankruptcyDit is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT _.AThe cash dividend has increasedBThe earning power has become strongerCBoth businesses have continued to growDThe stock price has greatly decreased20Accor

16、ding to the author, one had better _.Abuy more shares when the stock price falls downBsell out the shares when the stock price falls downCdo some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls downDinvest in the business when its stock price falls downPassage TwoQuestions 21 to 25 ar

17、e based on the following passage:Todays college students are more narcissistic (自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society.“We need to stop endles

18、sly repeating Youre special and having children repeat that back,” said the studys lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. “Kids are self-centered enough already.” “Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society, including the breakdown of cl

19、ose relationships with others,” he said. The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent behaviors.” Twenge, the author of

20、 “Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive, Entitledand More Miserable Than Ever Before,” said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others.Some analysts have commended todays young people for increased

21、commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications.Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced (非常明显的)that he was unsure i

22、f there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component,” he said. “A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessarily accept negative generalizations abo

23、ut their generation.Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed (气馁；灰心)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status. “Wer

24、e encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way,” Kader said, “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, says most of her contemporaries are poli

25、tically active and not overly self-centered. “People are worried about themselvesbut in the sense of where are theyre going to find a place in the world,” she said, “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesnt mean theyre not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides, some o

26、f the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said, “It would be more depressing if people answered, No, Im not special.”21According to the passage, a narcissistic person may _.Ahate criticism Bbe dishonest to his/her partnerCbe unwilling to help others Dall the above22The it

27、alicized word “commended” (Line 1, Para. 3) means _.Apraised Bcriticized Crecommended Ddisfavored23Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?ANarcissism may result in bad consequences.BCollege students are active to participate in volunteer work.CSome people doubt whether there are

28、 remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.DSome college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.24It is implied that _.Aboth the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissismBthe researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyCthe researche

29、rs and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyDcollege students are pessimistic about their future25It is proper to be _ when you hear someone say “Im special.”Aobjective Bpessimistic Coptimistic DworriedPassage ThreeQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The Ho

30、use is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries.The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collect

31、ing a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed.Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. The National Association of Manufacturers, The

32、National Federation of Independent Business, the US Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization, its about protecting rights,” said the National

33、 Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion (强迫；胁迫)from unions.Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers. “Workers talking to workers are

34、equals, while managers talking to workers arent,” Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The chan

35、ge would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers. “On the ground, the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,” said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council, who says it would have

36、a tremendous impact on the local level.The bill has other provisions (规定，条款)as well. The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration (仲裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a contract after 3 months. An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration

37、would be in effect for 2 years, a fact that Straczewski calls, “borderline unconstitutional.” “I dont see how it will benefit employees if theyre locked into a contract,” said Straczewski.The bills proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers. T

38、he Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the organization that oversees arbitration, reported that in 2004, 45 percent of newly formed unions were denied first contracts by employers. The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees. As i

39、t stands, the law on the books hasnt changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in 1935The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages.26Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of t

40、he passage?AHouse bill aims to spur labor union growth.BHouse bill aims to counter labor union growth.CEmployee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment.DEmployee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees income.27According to its opponents, the bill _.Awill protect employees rightsBwill benefit worker

41、s by binding contractsCwill empower unions too muchDmakes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28The word “it” (Line 5, Para. 5) refers to _.Athe change Bthe legislation Cthe AFL-CIO Dthe difference29People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPT _.Athe bill wil

42、l probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industriesBthe bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelCbinding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract cant be agreed on between a recently established union and a com

43、panyDthe bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employees30It is implied that _.Afewer private industries joined unions in the pastBworkers coercion often comes from unionsCthe bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersDpunishment authori

44、zed by the bill will be lighterPassage FourQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many peoples views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhaimmad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 1