高中英语阅读技巧经典课件.ppt

1、高考英语阅读理解高考英语阅读理解解题技巧解题技巧考纲要求：考纲要求：阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。提高命中率。主主 旨旨 大大

2、 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命题题类类阅读理解命题特点：阅读理解命题特点：推推 理理 判判 断断 型型观观 点点 态态 度度 型型一一:主旨大意题主旨大意题1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispas

3、sage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:Main Idea/Best TitleHowtofindthemainideaofapassageSometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic sentenceSometimes the last sentence is the topic sentenceSometimes the topic sentence is in the middle of a passageSometimes you have to put several key sentences

4、together to get the main ideaSometimes you cant find the topic sentence in the passage.You have to sum it up yourself.Sample 1Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Noteachingmethodcanbedevisedt

5、osatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2 2）主题句出现在段尾主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层推层层推理论证理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。应试技巧应试技巧 如何寻找主题句如何寻找主题句Sample2 People have different tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had st

6、eak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti意大利式面条,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on what were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft dr

7、ink.（2）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。Sample3TigersarefoundinmanyAsiancountriesIntheforestandgrasslands，atigerishardtoseeAtigersgoldencolouredcoatwithitsdarkstripesisnoteasilyseenforitshairisthesamecolourasthebladesofyellowishgrassandpatchesofdeepshadowThiscamoufla

8、ge（伪装）（伪装）isveryimportantbecausetigersarehuntersIfotheranimalscouldseeatigercoming，theywouldquicklyrunawayThetigerhasverystrong，sharpteethwhichareusedforseizingandeatingtheanimalsitcatchesThebesttitleforthispassageis_ATigersandOtherSmallAnimalsB.SomethingaboutTigersCTigersCamouflageDHowTigersLive sa

9、mple 4 TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2Min）Themainideaofthisparag

10、raphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail二：事实细节型二：事实细节型1.Acco

11、rdingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.4.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat_.5.Choosethebestorder.6.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how.?Skills:1.usescanningtofindouttheanswerdir

12、ectly2.getridofthewrongones在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：大体可分为大体可分为直接理解题直接理解题和和语义转换题语义转换题，所提问题一般可所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中在文章中找到答案。找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。等。事事实实细细节节型型提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式

13、等。细节细节理解理解应应注意的注意的问题问题：1）首先要从）首先要从问题问题中找出关中找出关键词键词，运用略，运用略读读的技巧在文中的技巧在文中查查找找这这一一细节细节，并仔，并仔细阅读细阅读，仔，仔细细比比较较所所给选项给选项与文中与文中细节细节的区的区别别。2）此此类题类题更多地更多地倾倾向于将向于将题题目中的信息与原文有关目中的信息与原文有关细节细节信息信息进进行行语语义义上的上的转换转换，在，在转换过转换过程中，做程中，做题时题时易犯的易犯的错误错误是未注意到是未注意到转换转换的准的准确性，常常将确性，常常将细节细节信息中的范信息中的范围围、程度、程度、语义语义色彩等改色彩等改变变，从

14、而，从而导导致致错误错误。Many years ago,when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver,I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City,where I was planning to stop and visit a friend.While I was standing in line at the cash regist

15、er(收款台),I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.60.The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City_.A.to visit a friend B.to see his parents C.to pay or the cash register D.to have more gas for his car Passage1 Passage1 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine,and The hu

16、man body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy val

17、ue of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need pe

18、r day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart showsdifferent,as the chart shows Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275三：词义猜测型三：词义猜测型 要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。1透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或

19、句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。2 要熟悉常见的设问形式：1)The underlined word in the paragraph refers to/means _.2)What does“_”in paragraph stand for/mean?3)“_”could best be replaced by which of the following?4)The expression/phrase“_”means _.5)The word“_”is closest in meaning to _.词句理解题解题方法1.Unlikehisbrother,whois

20、trulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely“homely”means“”.ugly（反义词、同义词）（反义词、同义词）反义词反义词常见信号词：常见信号词：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；等；同义词同义词常见信号词：常见信号词：or,namely,thatis,i.e.,thatistosay,等。等。2.EveryoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeousItwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest比比赛赛“gorgeous”me

21、ans3.TodaywasaveryhecticdayformeIwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothesIdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytired“hectic”means“”.beautiful（根据上下文）（根据上下文）（根据常识）（根据常识）busy生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the me

22、aning of words?四：四：推理判断型推理判断型推理判断题推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型正确选项一般不是文中的原句正确选项一般不是文中的原句推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1.The passage implies(暗示暗示)that_.2.We can conclude(得出结论得出结论)from the passage that_.3.Which of

23、 the following can be inferred(推论推论)?4.What is the tone(语气语气)of the author?5.What is the purpose(目的目的)of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear?“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need chan

24、ging“says Peter Schantz.Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call.Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners.We know very little about these new diseases.A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）.Monkey-pox doesnt look a major infectious disease.But

25、it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.1(09全国)67.The text suggests that in the future we .A.should stop buying pets from AmericaB.may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC.should not be allowed to have petsD.may have to fight against more new diseases(absolute)(absolute)

26、(wrong)五：观点态度五：观点态度型型既考既考查查学生学生对对字面意思的理解，也考字面意思的理解，也考查查学生学生对对作者写作目的、作者写作目的、态态度、度、观观点点等的理解。等的理解。理解作者的理解作者的观观点和点和态态度度题题主要形式主要形式:1.Theauthorsviewis2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat3.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout.?4.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowards?常常见见表达表达态态度的度的词语词语：Oppositeop

27、timisticobjectivepessimistic相反的相反的乐观乐观的的悲悲观观的的 Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurderbribery（行贿），行贿），anddeathFrankly,Imsickofallthisbadnews Attitudeinferences（根据能表达作者态度的词推断）根据能表达作者态度的词推断）Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Conclusion: