1、心血管常用的医学英语词汇(基础版本)心力衰竭Heart failure 心力衰竭Congestive beart failure 充血性心力衰竭Acute left-sided heart failure 急性左心衰竭Chroinc heart failure 慢性心力衰竭Intractable heart failure 难治性心力衰竭Systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭Diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭Congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭C
2、ardiac dysfunction 心功能障碍心律失常Arrhythmia (cardiac arrhythmia)心律失常Triggered activity 触发活动Afterdepolarization 后除极a.窦房结Sinus node recovery time SNRT 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time SACT 窦房传导时间Bradycardia 心动过缓Tachycardia 心动过速Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Sinus pause (sinus arrest) 窦性停搏
3、(窦性静止)sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞(Mobitz 莫氏, Wenckebach 文氏)Sick sinus syndrome(SSS) 病(态)窦(房结)综合征Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome 心动过缓-心动过速综合征b.心房Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率Automatic atrial tachycardia 自律性房性心动过速Reentrant atrial tachycardia 折返性房性心动过速Chaoti
4、c atrial tachycardia 紊乱性房性心动过速Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block (PAT with block) 伴有房室阻滞的阵发性房性心动过速Multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动c.房室交界区性Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩AV junctional escape beats 房室交界区性逸搏AV junctional
5、rhythm 房室交界区性心律Nonparoxysmal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia 非阵发性房室交界区性心动过速Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)阵发性室上性心动过速Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室结内折返性心动过速Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia(AVNRT)房室返性心动过速Preexcitation syndrome(Wolff-Parkinson-White sy
6、ndrome) 预激综合征(WPW综合征)d.心室Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩Ventricular parasystole 室性并行心律Ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转Ventricular flutter 心室扑动Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞Wenckebach block 文氏阻滞Adame-Stro
7、kes syndrom 阿斯综合征Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞Right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞Left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞Left anterior fascicular block 左前分支传导阻滞Left posterior fascicular block 左后分支传导阻滞Bifascicular block 双分支阻滞Trifascicular block 三分支阻滞心脏骤停与猝死sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停Pulseless
8、 electrical activity (PEA) 无脉性电活动高血压Hypertension 高血压Hypertensive urgencyes 高血压急症Hypertensive crisis 高血压危象Hypertensive emergencies 高血压危症Secondary hypertension 继发性高血压Primary hypertension 原发性高血压“White coat” hypertension 白大衣性高血压Isolated systolic hypertension 单纯收缩期高血压Arteriolosclerosis 小动脉硬化先心病Congenital
9、 heart disease 先天性心脏病Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病Pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Isolated pulmonic stenosis 单纯肺动脉口狭窄Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery 单纯肺动脉扩张Primary pulmonary hypertension 原发性肺动脉高压Persistent left superior vena cava 双侧上腔静脉(左上腔静脉残存)Isolated
10、 dextrocardia 孤立性右位心Atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 部分性肺静脉畸形引流Ventricular septal defect (VSD) 室间隔缺损Eisenmengers syndrome 艾森门格综合征Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)动脉导管未闭Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症Trilogy of Fallot 法洛三联症Complete transposition of the great vessels 完全性大血管错
11、位Atrial septal defect (ASD) 房间隔缺损心脏瓣膜病Multivalve heart disease 多瓣膜疾病Mitral valve disease 二尖瓣疾病Pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病Tricuspid valve disease 三尖瓣疾病Ebsteins anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形Dysfunction or rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调或断裂Aortic valve disease 主动脉瓣疾病Aortic arch syndrome 主动脉弓综合征Valvular heart d
12、isease 心脏瓣膜病rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病Rheumatic fever 风湿热Rheumatic carditis 风湿性心脏炎Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Acute mitral insufficiency 急性二尖瓣关闭不全Chronic mitral insufficiency 慢性二尖瓣关闭不全Marfans syndrom 马凡氏综合征Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全Chronic aortic insuf
13、ficiency 慢性主动脉瓣关闭不全Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄Pulmonary incompetence 肺动脉瓣关闭不全冠心病Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病Angina pectoris 心绞痛Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛Unstable angina
14、pectoris 不稳定心绞痛Initial onset angina pectoris 初发型心绞痛Accelerated angina pectoris 恶化型心绞痛Variant angina pectoris (Prinzmetals variant angina pectoris)变异型心绞痛Angina decubitus 卧位心绞痛Acute coronary insufficiency 急性冠状动脉功能不全Postinfarction angina pectoris 梗塞后心绞痛Acute coronary syndrome(ACS) 急性冠脉综合征Myocardial inf
15、arction(MI) 心肌梗死Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) 急性心肌梗死Dysfunction of papillary muscle 乳头肌功能失调Rupture of papillary muscle 乳头肌断裂Rupture of the heart 心脏破裂Embolism 栓塞Cardiac aneurysm 心脏室壁瘤Postinfarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征Latent coronary heart disease 无症状型冠心病(隐性冠心病)Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病Sudden de
16、ath 猝死感染性心内膜炎Infective endocarditis (IE) 感染性心内膜炎Native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎Prothetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers 静脉药瘾者心内膜炎Acute infective endocarditics(AIE) 急性感染性心内膜炎Subacute Infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎心肌疾病Specific cardiomyopathy 特异性心肌病Viral myoca
17、rditis 病毒性心肌炎Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)肥厚性心肌病Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) 非对称性室间隔肥厚Restrictive cardiomyopathy(RCM)限制性心肌病Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)扩张型心肌病Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 酒精性心肌病Peripartum cardiomyopathy 围生期心肌病Drug-induced cardiomyopathy 药物性心肌病Keshan disease (KD) 克山病Endemic cardio
18、myopathy (ECD) 地方性心肌病Cardiomyopathies 心肌疾病Myocardial bridging 心肌桥Myocarditis 心肌炎Right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)致心律失常型右室心肌病Unclassified cardiomyopathies,UCM)心包疾病Purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Tuberculous pericarditis 结核性
19、心包炎Constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎血管疾病Peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎Raynaud syndrome 雷诺综合征Pulness disease 无脉病Thromboangitis obliterans 血栓闭塞性脉管炎Thrombophlebitis 血栓性静脉炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层其它疾病Syndrome XCardiogenic sh
20、ock 心原性休克Postpericardiostomy syndrome 心肌损伤后综合征Pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞Syncope 晕厥Syphlitic cardiovascular disease 梅毒性心血管病Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏血管神经官能症药物Vasodilator 血管扩张剂(phlebectasis 静脉扩张, arteriectasis 动脉扩张)Diuretic 利尿剂(thiazide diuretic 噻嗪类利尿剂;loop diuretic 袢利尿剂;potassium-sparing diuretics 保钾利尿
21、剂)inotropic agent 正性肌力药(digitalis preparation 洋地黄制剂;adrenergic receptor stimulant 肾上腺素能受体兴奋剂;phosphodiesterase inhibitor 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂)Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACE inhibitors)(ACEI)血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂Aldosterone antagonist 醛固酮拮抗剂Beta adrenergic receptor blocker (beta blockers) 肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂Calcium ch
22、annel blocker(CCB)钙通道阻滞剂Angiotension antagonist(Angiotension receptor blocker) 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂Alpha blockers 1 受体阻滞剂Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油Digoxin 地高辛Lanatoside C 西地兰antiarrhythic drugs 抗心律失常药lidocaine 利多卡因Propafenone 普罗帕酮Amiodarone 胺碘酮调脂药降脂药HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors HMG-CoA 还原酶抑制剂Nicotinic acid 烟酸Clofibra
23、te 氯贝丁酯抗血小板药物溶栓药recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator ,rt-PA 重组组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活剂抗凝药操作interventional therapy for cardiovascular diseases 心血管病介入性治疗Holter ECG monitoring 动态心电图Ultrasound angioplasty 超声消融术Directional coronary atherectomy 定向旋切术High frequency rotational atherectomy 高频旋磨术Laser angioplast
24、y 激光血管成形术Catheter ablation 心导管消融Radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty(PBMV)经皮穿刺球囊二尖瓣成形术Percutaneous balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty(PBPV)经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术Percutaneous transluminal septial myocardial ablation,(PTSMA)经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术Percutaneous transluminal coronary
25、angioplasty (PTCA) 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术Percutaneous intracoronary stent implantation 经皮穿刺冠状动脉内支架安置术Transluminal Extraction catheter (TEC)经皮血管内切吸导管Artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏Multisite cardiac pacing 多部位心脏起搏Biatrial pacing 双心房起搏biventricular pacing 双心室起搏bifocal pacing 双灶起搏Heart transplantation 心脏移植Angio
26、jet rheolytic thrombectomy 新鲜血栓吸引术Upright tilt-table testing 直立倾斜试验Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)置入型心律转复除颤器Thumpversion 捶击复律Cough-version 咳嗽复律Cardioversion 心脏电复律Defibrillation 心脏电除颤Revascularization 血管重建其它Hemolytic streptococcus 甲族乙型溶血性链球菌Antithymocyte globulin (ATG)抗胸腺细胞球蛋白Vagus nerve
27、 迷走神经,Brainstem death 脑干死亡Brain death 脑死亡Myocardial remodeling 心肌重塑Hemodynamics 血液动力学Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)心钠素Vasopressin 血管加压素,抗利尿激素Bradykinin 缓激肽Triggered activity 触发活动Afterdepolarization 后除极Late ventricular potential 心室晚电位Sinus node recovery time(SNRT) 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time(S
28、ACT) 窦房传导时间Intrinsic heart rate 固有心率Accessory atrioventricular pathways 房室旁路Atriohisian tracts 房希氏束Nodoventricular fibers 结-室纤维Fasciculoventricular fibers 分支室纤维Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Vasodepressor response 血管减压反应Pulsus tardus 细迟脉Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度Systolic anterior motion(
29、SAM) (二尖瓣前叶)收缩期前向运动Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行附录:心血管系统词汇的基本构成本文主要总结介绍了心血管系统常用的词汇的构成,以及主要的词根、词干及前后缀,希望对心血管科研医务人员有所裨益。1 基本词根C1zs 词根或词干是复合词的核心,主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时,若连接处无元音字母,需加上连接元音字母0或i,因此,字典中通常列举的是词根词干+连接元音字母所组成的构词形,这里主要列举出构词形、词义及相关的例词。cardio:heart心脏(electrocardiogram 心电图,cardiology心脏病学
30、)corono:crown,the heart冠,心脏(coronary bypass冠状动脉搭桥术)aorto:aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)atrio:cavity,atrium 心房(atrioseptop1asty房间隔修补术)ventrio:ventricle心室(intraventricu1ar block室内传导阻滞)angio:vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)vaso l a vessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)artero:artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)veno:vein静脉(ve
31、nostasis静脉淤滞)phlebo:vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)stetho:chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)thoraco:chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)sphygmo:pulse脉搏(sphygmomanometer血压计,sphygmopalpation切脉)hemo:blood血(hemorrhage出血)hemato:blood血(hematuria血尿)plasmo:plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)thrombo:clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)fib
32、ro:fiber,fiberous tissue纤维(组织)(myocardial fibrosis心肌纤维化)agglutino:clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)globo:round,globe圆的,球(globin球蛋白)sero:serum 血清(seroenzyme血清酶)lympho:lymph淋巴(1ym phadenitis淋巴结炎)athero:fatty buildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)myo:muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病;myocardium 心肌)cyto:cell细胞(cytotoxic
33、细胞毒的)angino:choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)tacho:quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)brachy:short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)2 常用后缀加于词根词干之后,不仅改变其意义,还决定该词的词性,后缀分为简单后缀(如cardiac中的一ac)和复合后缀(如cardiologist中的一logist由log和一ist结合而成)这里主要列出简单后缀中常用的各词性和形容词性后缀,以及与心血管系统有关的复合后缀。21 名词后缀加在词干之后,变成名词。如:一ia:condition条件或情况(anemia贫血,ischemia缺血)- itis
34、:inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)- osis:abnormal or pathological condition(sclerosis硬化症)- ism;a condition (embolism栓塞)一(i)um :与有关(pericardium心包)- let:指小词(platelet血小板)一ulc:指小词(venule小静脉)一ulum:指小词(vasculum 小血管)22 形容词后缀加在词干之后,变成形容词。如:- ac,-al,一ar:的(cardiac心脏的bronchia1支气管的)- eal:的(esophageal食道的)- OUS:(intra
35、venous静脉内的)一old,类的,样的(cystoid囊样的)23 复合后缀由词干和一个简单的后缀构成。如,一algia:pain(thorcalgia胸痛) 一ectasia l stretching,dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)一emia:blood condition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)一odynia:pain 痛(cardiodynia心痛)一peniadeficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)一uria l urine condition尿的情况(hematuria血尿)一graphy: process of re
36、cording 记录(electrocardiography心电描记术)一logy,一logist:学科,学者(cardiology一0脏病学,cardiologlst心脏病学家)一lysis:dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)一cyte:cell细胞(1eukocyte白血细胞)一blast:未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)一sclerosis:a hardening硬化(arteri0Scler0Sis动脉硬化)一stenosls l a norrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)一tomy:cut,incision切开(peri
37、cardiotomy心包切开术)3 常用前缀 .前缀加于词根词干前限制其意义,多数情况下一个复合词前有一个前缀,有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义,如endopericarditis中的endo一和peria一;无,非(atypical非典型性的)an一:无,非(anuria stage无尿期anemia贫血)anti一:against抗(antldiuretic hormone抗利尿激素)clrcum一:around环(circumduction环行运动)contra一:against抗(contraindication禁忌症)de一:from 从(deoxidation脱氧)dys一:bad坏,
38、困难(dyssystole心收缩异常)endo一:inside,inner内部(endogenous内源性的,endocardial 心内膜的)epi一:over,upon外部,上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)hyper一:above,excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖ventricular hypertrophy心室肥厚)hypolunder,less than normal低于正常(hyponatremia低钠血症hyposystole心收缩过弱)inter一:between在之间(interventricular septum室间隔)intra一:wi
39、thin在之内(intravenous静脉内的)pars一:beside,alongside旁,附着(paravenous静脉旁的)peril around周围(endopericarditis心内膜心包炎)postl after后(postiarction syndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)pre一:before在之前(precardium心前区)subl under在之下,亚(subleukemic leukemia亚白血性白血病)super一:above,over高于,超过(superoxide anion超氧化物阴离子)supra:above,over高于,超过(supraventri
40、cular tachycardia室上性心动过速)医学英语词汇的基本连接方式为前缀+词干+连接元音+ 后缀,前后词缀加于词干的前后来增加或限制其义。当两个词干相拼或词干后加后缀,如hyperglycemia,supraventrularI也可以词干+后缀,如hemolysis也可以是多个词干叠加在一起,中间由元音O或i连接(连接元音连接词干与词干或词干与后缀。元音O是使用最为广泛的连接元音,其次是元i和a.),如cardioplegia .组成医学词汇的英文词干词缀来自拉丁语和希腊语,因此有时可见拼写不同的但意义相同的词,如hypodermic和subcutaneous都表示“皮下” .tho
41、rcalgia和stethalgia都指“胸痛” .Cardio-angiology和cardio-vasology都是“心血管学” 的意思。但绝大多数情况下有约定俗成的表示法,不可随意更改。词条各成分之间相连接时遵循一定的顺序,如改变顺序,则可能完全改变词义,或词条根本不存在。如phagocyte是“吞噬细胞”的意思,而cytophagy则指“吞噬细胞作用” cardiomyopathy与myocardiopathy意义也稍有不同。掌握一定数量的医学词汇的词千和词缀,以及熟悉构词的一般规律和特殊的情况,可以“记一当十” ,使得枯燥的医学专业词汇富有意味,从而大大地缩短记忆词汇的时间和查阅医学文献的效率,取得事半功倍的效果。同时在有必要构筑新词时有可靠的依据,便于同行理解和领会新词的含义。忽略此处.