1、Chip STC12C5204AD I/O port configurationSTC12C5204AD series microcontroller its all I/O ports are controlled by the software configuration into 4 kinds of work type 4 types are respectively: quasi two-way mouth (standard the 8051 output mode), push-pull output, only for input (high resistance) or op
2、en-drain output functions. Every mouth consists of two control register the relevant position control each pin type of work. STC12C5204AD series microcontroller to electricity reattachment shall prevail two-way mouth (standard the 8051 output mode) mode: 2V above high level, 0.8 V for low level belo
3、w.1. Quasi two-way mouth output configurationQuasi two-way mouth output type can be used as output and input function but dont need to reconfigure mouth lines output state. This is because juncture lines output is 1 drive ability is very weak, allowing external devices will its down. When pins for l
4、ow, it output driving ability, can absorb the considerable current. Quasi two-way mouth have 3 pull_up transistor adapted to different needs.In the three and one transistor, pull up transistor called weak on pull , for 1 and paternal line registers itself pins for 1 open. This pull_up provides basic
5、 drive current make prospective two-way mouth for 1 output. If a pin for 1 and output by external devices to drop down to low, pull up close and weak very weak pull_up maintain open position, in order to put this pin for low, strong to pull the external devices must have enough power to make pin inf
6、used current threshold voltage of a voltage to the following.Article 2 pull_up transistors, called extremely weak on pull, 1 latch paternal line when open. When pin, the very weak suspended the pull_up source generates very weak and current will pin and high level.Article 3 pull_up transistor called
7、 powerful pull. Juncture line latches from 0 to 1, the jumping to accelerate must pull up by logic 0 to two-way mouth logic 1 conversion. When this happened, powerful pull open about 2 machine cycle to make pins can quickly pull to the earth high level.Quasi two-way mouth output shown below.STC12C52
8、0 series microcontroller 3V device, if the user is in pins plus 5V voltage, there will be a current flow from pins, this has caused additional VDD power consumption. Accordingly, the proposal is not in quasi two-way mouth mode 3V microcontroller pins to exert 5V voltage, such as the use of words, wi
9、ll add current limiting resistor, or using diode do input isolation, or use triode do output segregation.Quasi two-way mouth with a schmidt trigger input and a interference suppression circuit.2. The push-pull output configurationThe drop-down push-pull output configuration open-drain output and the
10、 structure and the prospective two-way mouth down same structure, but when latches is 1 provides continuous strong pull up. The push-pull model need more commonly used for driving current situation.The push-pull pins configuration are shown below.3. Only for input (high resistance) configurationInpu
11、t port configuration are shown below.Input port with a schmidt trigger input and a interference suppression circuit.4. Open-drain output configurationJuncture line latches is 0, the open-drain output close all pull_up transistors. When, as a logical output, this configuration mode must have external
12、ly pull, usually by resistance receiving V D D outside. This style of drop-down and quasi two-way mouth the same. The jammer line configuration are shown below.Open-drain port with a schmidt trigger input and a interference suppression circuit.A typical transistor control circuitIf use weak pull_up
13、control, suggestion plus pull-up resistors R1 (3.3 K 10K), if not add pull-up resistors R 1 (3.3 K 10K), suggest R2 value in the 15K above, or use a strong push-pull output.STC12C5204AD series microcontroller programmable counter array (PCA)PCA contains a special 16 timer, has four 16 bits of captur
14、e/comparison of module and connected. Each module programmable workIn four mode: increase/decrease along the capture, software timer, high-speed output or could be modulated pulse output. Modules connected to P3.7 (0 CEX0 / PCA0 / PWM0), module 1 connected to P3.5 (CEX1 / PCA1 / PWM1), modules conne
15、cted to P2.0 (2 CEX2 / PCA2 / PWM2), modules connected to P2.4 (3 CEX3 / PCA3 / PWM3). Register the content of CH and CL is free of 16 PCA increasing count the value of the timer. PCA timer is four modules, the public time benchmark by programming work .Programmable Counter ArrayPCA Timer/CounterCMO
16、D SFR there are 2 bytes and PCA related. They were: CIDL, idle mode allows stop PCA; ECF, buy a, enabling PCA interrupt, when PCA timer spillover will PCA counting overflow marks CCON SFR (CF) buy bits.CCON SFR contains PCA operating control bits (CR) and PCA timer mark (CF) and symbol of each modul
17、e CCF3 / CCF2 (CCF0). CCF1 / / Through the software for a CR bits (CCON. 6) to run PCA. CR bit is reset when PCA closed. When PCA counter overflow, CF patients (CCON. 7) buy a, if CMOD register, it produces ECF position a disruption. CF bits can only through software cleared. CCON register a 0 3 is
18、PCA modules logo (a 0 0, a corresponding module 1 corresponding module 1, bits 2 corresponding module 2, a 3 corresponding module 3), when there is a match or by hardware buy a comparisons. These signals are the only through software cleared.PCA capture of patterningIf CCON SFR bits of the throne of
19、 CCFn and CCAPMn SFR ECCFn bit is set position, will produce the interruption.A software timer modeThrough the CCAPMn registers for a ECOM and MAT bits, can make the PCA module used for software timer (below). PCA timer values and module of the register compared to capture, when both values equal, i
20、f a CCON SFR in CCFn (in) and a ECCFn CCAPMn SFR) in all buy bits, will produce the interruption.PCA Software Timer Mode/Software Timer model/PCA comparative ModePCA Software Timer Mode/Software Timer model/PCA comparative ModeHigh-speed output modelThis model (below), when PCA counter plan of the n
21、umerical and module capture registers matching, PCA value CEXn output will happen module of the flip. To activate the high-speed output modes of CCAPMn TOG SFR, modules, MAT and ECOM bit must buy bits.PCA High - Speed, Output Mode/PCA high-speed Output ModeIn use PCA high-speed output mode special a
22、pplication note:If a certain PCA module working in high speed pulse output mode, want to use software output change the same group of other common I/O port state, need to do first, whether CCAPnH judge CH is equal to abide, can freely modify, if equal, and determine CCAPnL circumstances CL is allowe
23、d to change the same group of other common I/O port state. If use P3.7 / PCA0 / PWM0 do PCA high-speed pulse output, and the program inside and with software output change when the state P3.4 mouth, you need to do judgment.When one has the PCA high-speed pulse output function of I/O mouth working in
24、 high speed pulse output mode, if the software for the same group of other I/O port operation, if meet PCA comparator matching, this operation can change the pulse output function with PCA high-speed mouth of the I/O.PCA PWM mode/modulation pulse width output modeSince all share only PCA timer modul
25、es, all their output frequency is same. The output of each module 390v is independent of the changes, and using EPCnL, captured CCAPnL of registers concerned. When CL SFR value is less than CCAPnL EPCnL, when output is low, and the value of SFR when PCA CL is equal to or greater than EPCnL, CCAPnL ,
26、 the output as high. When the value of the CL by FF into EPCnH, 00 overflow, CCAPnH the contents of EPCnL, loaded into the CCAPnL . In this way, can realize update PWM without interference. To make CCAPMn PWM mode, module can PWMn and ECOMn bits of the register to buy bits.译文芯片STC12C5204AD的I/O口配置STC
27、12C5204AD系列单片机其所有I/O口均可由软件配置成4 种工作类型4 种类型分别为：准双向口（标准8051输出模式）、推挽输出、仅为输入（高阻）或开漏输出功能。每个口由2个控制寄存器中的相应位控制每个引脚工作类型。STC12C5204AD系列单片机上电复位后为准双向口（标准8051输出模式）模式：2V 以上时为高电平，0.8V 以下时为低电平。1.准双向口输出配置准双向口输出类型可用作输出和输入功能而不需重新配置口线输出状态。这是因为当口线输出为1时驱动能力很弱，允许外部装置将其拉低。当引脚输出为低时，它的驱动能力很强，可吸收相当大的电流。准双向口有3个上拉晶体管适应不同的需要。在3个上
28、拉晶体管中，有1个上拉晶体管称为“弱上拉”，当口线寄存器为1且引脚本身也为1时打开。此上拉提供基本驱动电流使准双向口输出为1。如果一个引脚输出为1而由外部装置下拉到低时，弱上拉关闭而“极弱上拉”维持开状态，为了把这个引脚强拉为低，外部装置必须有足够的灌电流能力使引脚上的电压降到门槛电压以下。第2个上拉晶体管，称为“极弱上拉”，当口线锁存为1 时打开。当引脚悬空时，这个极弱的上拉源产生很弱的上拉电流将引脚上拉为高电平。第3个上拉晶体管称为“强上拉”。当口线锁存器由0到1跳变时，这个上拉用来加快准双向口由逻辑0到逻辑1转换。当发生这种情况时，强上拉打开约2个机器周期以使引脚能够迅速地上拉到高电平。
29、准双向口输出如下图所示。STC12C520系列单片机为3V器件，如果用户在引脚加上5V电压，将会有电流从引脚流向VDD，这样导致额外的功率消耗。因此，建议不要在准双向口模式中向3V 单片机引脚施加5V电压,如使用的话，要加限流电阻，或用二极管做输入隔离，或用三极管做输出隔离。准双向口带有一个施密特触发输入以及一个干扰抑制电路。2 .推挽输出配置推挽输出配置的下拉结构与开漏输出以及准双向口的下拉结构相同，但当锁存器为1时提供持续的强上拉。推挽模式一般用于需要更大驱动电流的情况。推挽引脚配置如下图所示。3 .仅为输入（高阻）配置输入口配置如下图所示。输入口带有一个施密特触发输入以及一个干扰抑制电路
30、。4.开漏输出配置当口线锁存器为0时，开漏输出关闭所有上拉晶体管。当作为一个逻辑输出时，这种配置方式必须有外部上拉，一般通过电阻外接到V D D 。这种方式的下拉与准双向口相同。输出口线配置如下图所示。开漏端口带有一个施密特触发输入以及一个干扰抑制电路。一种典型三极管控制电路如果用弱上拉控制，建议加上拉电阻R1（3.3K10K），如果不加上拉电阻R 1（3.3K10K），建议R2的值在15K以上，或用强推挽输出。STC12C5204AD系列单片机可编程计数器阵列（PCA）PCA含有一个特殊的16位定时器，有4个16位的捕获/比较模块与之相连。每个模块可编程工作。在4 种模式下：上升/下降沿捕获
31、、软件定时器、高速输出或可调制脉冲输出。模块0连接到P3.7（CEX0/PCA0/PWM0），模块1连接到P3.5（CEX1/PCA1/PWM1），模块2连接到P2.0（CEX2/PCA2/PWM2），模块3连接到P2.4（CEX3/PCA3/PWM3）。寄存器CH和CL的内容是正在自由递增计数的16位PCA 定时器的值。PCA定时器是4个模块的公共时间基准，可通过编程工作在：1/12振荡频率、1/2振荡频率、定时器0溢出或ECI脚的输入（P3.4）。定时器的计数源由CMOD SFR 的CPS1和CPS0位来确定（见CMOD特殊功能寄存器说明）。可编程计数器阵列PCA定时器/计数器CMOD S
32、FR 还有2个位与PCA相关。它们分别是：CIDL，空闲模式下允许停止PCA；ECF，置位时，使能PCA中断，当PCA定时器溢出将PCA计数溢出标志CF（CCON SFR）置位。CCON SFR包含PCA的运行控制位（CR）和PCA定时器标志（CF）以及各个模块的标志（CCF3/CCF2/CCF1/CCF0）。通过软件置位CR 位（CCON.6）来运行PCA。CR位被清零时PCA关闭。当PCA计数器溢出时，CF位（CCON.7）置位, 如果CMOD寄存器的ECF位置位, 就产生中断。CF位只可通过软件清除。CCON 寄存器的位03是PCA各个模块的标志（位0对应模块0，位1对应模块1,位2对应
33、模块2,位3 对应模块3），当发生匹配或比较时由硬件置位。这些标志也只能通过软件清除。所有模块共用一个中断向量。PCA的中断系统如图所示。PCA的每个模块都对应一个特殊功能寄存器。它们分别是：模块0对应CCAPM0，模块1对应CCAPM1,模块2对应CCAPM2，模块3对应CCAPM3。特殊功能寄存器包含了相应模块的工作模式控制位。当模块发生匹配或比较时，ECCFn位（CCAPMn.0，n0，1 ，2，3 由工作的模块决定）使能CCON SFR的CCFn标志来产生中断。PWM（CCAPMn.1）用来使能脉宽调制模式。当PCA计数值与模块的捕获/比较寄存器的值相匹配时，如果TOG位（CCAPMn
34、.2）置位，模块的CEXn 输出将发生翻转。当PCA计数值与模块的捕获/比较寄存器的值相匹配时，如果匹配位MATn（CCAPMn.3）置位，CCON 寄存器的CCFn位将被置位。CAPNn（CCAPMn.4）和CAPPn（CCAPMn.5）用来设置捕获输入的有效沿。CAPNn位使能下降沿有效，CAPPn位使能上升沿有效。如果两位都置位，则两种跳变沿都被使能，捕获可在两种跳变沿产生。通过置位CCAPMn寄存器的ECOMn位（CCAPMn.6）来使能比较器功能。每个PCA模块还对应另外两个寄存器，CCAPnH和CCAPnL。当出现捕获或比较时，它们用来保存16位的计数值。当PCA模块用在PWM模式
35、中时，它们用来控制输出的占空比。PCA捕获模式要使一个PCA模块工作在捕获模式（下图），寄存器CCAPMn的两位（CAPNn 和CAPPn）或其中任何一位必须置1。对模块的外部CEXn 输入（CEX0/P3.7，CEX1/P3.5,CEX2/P2.0,CEX3/P2.4 口）的跳变进行采样。当采样到有效跳变时，PCA 硬件就将PCA计数器阵列寄存器（CH 和CL）的值装载到模块的捕获寄存器中（CCAPnL 和CCAPnH）。PCA Capture Mode（PCA捕获模式图）如果CCON SFR的位CCFn和CCAPMn SFR的位ECCFn位被置位，将产生中断。位软件定时器模式通过置位CCA
36、PMn寄存器的ECOM和MAT位，可使PCA模块用作软件定时器（下图）。PCA定时器的值与模块捕获寄存器的值相比较，当两者相等时，如果位CCFn（在CCON SFR 中）和位ECCFn 在CCAPMn SFR中）都置位，将产生中断。PCA Software Timer Mode/ 软件定时器模式/PCA 比较模式PCA Software Timer Mode/软件定时器模式/PCA比较模式高速输出模式该模式中（下图），当PCA计数器的计数值与模块捕获寄存器的值相匹配时，PCA模块的CEXn输出将发生翻转。要激活高速输出模式，模块CCAPMn SFR 的TOG,MAT 和ECOM 位必须都置位。
37、PCA High-Speed Output Mode / PCA高速输出模式在使用PCA高速输出模式时的特别应用注意事项:如果某一PCA模块工作在高速脉冲输出模式,要用软件输出改变同一组其它普通I/O口的状态，需先做判断CH是否等于CCAPnH，若不等，可自由修改，若相等，再判断CLCCAPnL情况下才允许改变同一组其它普通I/O口的状态。如用P3.7/PCA0/PWM0做PCA高速脉冲输出，同时程序里面又要用软件输出改变P3.4口的状态时，就需要做判断。当某个具有PCA高速脉冲输出功能的I/O口工作在高速脉冲输出模式时，如果软件对同一组的其它I/O口进行操作，如果遇上PCA比较器匹配时,该操
38、作有可能会改变此具有PCA高速脉冲输出功能的I/O口的状态，所以同一组的其它I/O口建议不要做输出用，如果做输出用时，要进行判断。脉宽调节模式所有PCA模块都可用作PWM输出（下图）。输出频率取决于PCA定时器的时钟源。PCA PWM mode /可调制脉冲宽度输出模式由于所有模块共用仅有的PCA定时器，所有它们的输出频率相同。各个模块的输出占空比是独立变化的，与使用的捕获寄存器EPCnL，CCAPnL有关。当CL SFR的值小于EPCnL，CCAPnL时，输出为低，当PCA CL SFR的值等于或大于EPCnL，CCAPnL时，输出为高。当CL的值由FF变为00溢出时，EPCnH，CCAPnH的内容装载到EPCnL，CCAPnL中。这样就可实现无干扰地更新PWM。要使能PWM模式，模块CCAPMn寄存器的PWMn和ECOMn位必须置位。
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