外文翻译--中国资源型城市产业结构调整的方法分析.doc

1、附件:1. 译文中国资源型城市产业结构调整的方法分析摘要：当前，资源型城市在发展过程中出现了许多问题，无论是自己原来，另一些则与生成的发展相关联的。不幸的是，现有的资源型城市，不仅未能解决问题，并呈现出的矛盾加剧，不仅需要国家和当地政府的支持，也需要企业和其他组织及社会各界的帮助，如果不能抓住资源型城市转型的时机，采取措施，实施产业结构调整，各种问题和冲突将会愈演愈烈，导致资源枯竭或市区老化，因此，分析和研究资源的工业城市转型就显得十分必要的现实意义。关键词：资源型产业，城市产业结构调整 产业结构首先，产业结构调整的途径和方法产业结构调整，产业转型的路径选择是一个核心部分，近年来，国内许多学者

2、都做了很多研究，具体方法和路径的转型的分析，有必要先了解产业转型，在一般的路径包括哪些内容。张礼泉，张茵在沉重的国家资源型地区的产业结构调整问题上，西部产业结构调整的路径选择中的研究应包括：优化产业结构，实现当地经济多样化，以“行业补贴农业，”促进农业的发展，吸引人才，提高人口素质，培养创造性的人才。至于如何重组，一些学者认为，城市发展的转型，根据生命周期的不同阶段，采取针对性的发展对策。资源型城市，城市的起源，在资源开发的规划工作中，城市资源不需要参与，因而应定位在落实科学的规划和结构调整，以避免监管，为资源的中间时期做好基础准备，城市提前转型，其中可利用资源，调整产业结构和资源优势转换为资

3、源型城市的老年，可以用积累的资金，技术和人才带动其他产业的发展，工作重点转移到非资源型产业的发展。考虑上述观点，从一个产业结构调整的关键时期的角度看城市发展的生命周期是资源型城市中年，并在这一阶段的过渡是由政府主导的，过渡的关键是政府的可行性。由于城市的政府竞争力，在制定和实施一个健全的制度基础上改善城市环境和集成环境，提高政府建立生态和地质环境完成了全面的预防和控制机制，全市系统的社会服务和基础设施由政府干预的政府计划，通过引进先进技术，加强产业发展的科技创新，改变传统产业的“三高”现状，建立技术优势，资源优势，使之成为稳定的优势，这是一个关键的资源产业的重组计划。另一个关键是优化产业结构。

4、周晓文，王西荣在优化产业结构的过程中指出产业间的资源配置的优化过程尤为重要。为了实现产业转型，资源和产业，应该是两个方面。然而，杨汉族的研究更加全面和深入，他说在研究中，首先促进城市的科学发展计划的制定应该是在成熟行业中找到一个合适的替代产业，重点选择替代产业，以提高工业的科技含量，劳动密集型产业，在了解当地资源，发展的基础上，在国内和国际市场需求的重点定位。扩展，延伸产业链和新兴产业的发展是一个很好的方式，但在资源开采的鼎盛时期，应考虑认真对待，努力加强人力资源开发，管理的需要，培养新兴产业的资源型产业工人，使其适应新的产业，引进人才，以满足产业转型和最重要的是资源型城市转型发展的需要，采取

5、惠民政策，如优惠政策，筹集资金，通过其他渠道，来吸引外国投资，加上国家的财政支持，以确保改造的资金。钱勇从改造的生命周期的角度来看城市发展，他早期问题的发展更加重视，他建议政府应区分城市发展规划，开设在建筑上的矿井，要考虑到城市的可行性发展，发展的问题时，也应区别对待，特别是要及早规划，创建一个自觉的环境转型，城市转型的同时，主题的选择，将其转化培养，鼓励企业实施改造。任玉坤似乎更悲观的观点，他认为，单靠自身的力量资源型城市产业转型是难以完成的，必须使用外部各方的力量。全国数百家资源型城市，其中不少是弱在城市自身，因此他建议从一个理性的角度出发。此外，他还在资源型城市工业上与所述的重组的各种观

6、点不谋而合。除了改造方式，刘海滨，孙留静，曾祥炜建议，除了在其他方面的努力，政府是转型的领导者，建议恢复政策，并适当增加国家投资，主要集中在解决条块分割现象和产业布局的分工中定位，以促进土地价格的协调发展;，通过企业融资的金融体系，创造良好的矿业城市的发展条件，根据城市发展的客观规律和一个好的计划，适当的发展资源，在转型过程中，使用相应的产业调整援助政策，促进资源型城市的结构转型，促进地区之间和选定的支柱产业的工业结构的合理化，提高人口素质深化市场改革和改善生态环境，努力实现城市可持续发展，关键的一步是要改革和创新。上面提到的转换方法基本上需要政府或大型企业，从而改善或改变现有转型的各个方面，

7、使资源型城市向好的方向发展，在转型过程中，谁是主要？重点做哪些方面？樟新莹，吕萍，对这项研究提供了一个更好的意见。他们的研究表明，产业结构调整应在提高自主创新能力的基础上，发展高新技术，并用它来改造传统产业，可以改善传统的高新技术产业，促进产业结构的技术升级，目的是为了创造竞争优势和培育比较优势，这是转型的主要途径，即“创新型的资源型城市。”产业转型和产业结构的升级是非常重要的，因为在本质上是指产业结构调整，其中包括产业结构调整和优化。首先要了解产业结构调整。应该调整，可以肯定，只知道如何调整，却不知道如何调整。范延平，崇淮在这个问题上给出了很好的答案。他们认为，首先做思想工作，改变旧的思维。

8、应有一个循环经济的概念，在经济周期延长资源型产业的生命，实现废物回收，减少对环境的污染，从而提高经济效益。其次，我们必须在尊重客观规律的前提下，逐步调整资源型城市的产业结构。循环经济思想的具体实现形式是以一个资源型产业为主，从设计，施工，采矿，运输，加工，废物处理和其他方面的规划和实施，不能分离回收，为了实现这些经济制度的建立贯彻落实“循环经济思想”，激励企业和消费者的政策。黄飞从业务的角度分析，优化产业结构，需要组建企业集团和经济集群发展，形成了集团的成本优势，扩大市场的优势和创新实力，他做了详细描述了相对密集的设施建设，并随着集团产业规模的继续扩大，可以促进整个产业链的发展有，也有利于发展

9、循环经济，以实现多元化产业结构。他认为，从产业结构调整和发展替代产业的需要，以促进高新技术产业的发展，在这方面的科研和技术人员已成为一个关键的作用，造成人才和高新技术，这往往是资源型城市薄弱的需求，它需要增加在这两个领域的投资，他还指出，发展替代产业和技术密集型产业替代的重点放在第三产业的发展。城市也应重视品牌，对城市的发展是非常重要的。上文多次提到替代产业，这是产业结构调整的重要途径，卓明，刘乃军的方式更巧妙地使两个建议的替代继续培育非资源型产业集群的重要途径相结合，他们建议需要加快改革开放新的主导产业和集群，城市的发展，成功地通过改革，加快经济管理体制，产权制度，现代企业制度的改革和发展市

10、场中介组织，解决资源型城市政府职能过大，市场机制是不足够的，单一的所有制结构和“条块分割”等问题，通过深化内部开放，加快开放，利用结构的战略性来调整国外和国内产业梯度转移，把克服我们的资源型城市的生产要素和经济资源的供应作为内源性发展能力弱的问题，为即将到来的继任者的主导产业，形成外部市场提供开放空间，使接管的主导产业和新集群供应生产的各种积极因素，集群建设。必须高度重视从根本上提高资源的收集能力和城市的辐射优势。为了加强区域优势，城市本身，我们必须改善其基础设施，加强生态环境，有利于城市的工作;从外部中来，到一个更大的区域经济景观和识别资源的城市集群型城市的地位，主动成为一个更大的城市群，接

11、受他们的积极的影响。有的学者从选定的产业转型模式的角度分析过渡路径，如张玲等研究这个问题颇具代表性。凌元，曾炜和完整的概述产业转型的四种模式：类型的纵向延伸，横向衍生型，内部资源，采矿业和机载型（1）基于现有的工业基础的纵向延伸类型。这是对原有资源型产业最基础的一个例子，通过发展下游加工技术和设备的改造，建立一个资源型工业和加工工业和使用这对矿产资源的路径的路径，对已开发可以依靠煤炭开采业的前景更加突出的城市，如煤炭资源型城市发展，焦煤，煤炭，化工等行业的中心。这种模式的特点是一个城市的资源和难度相对较小（2）对现有的水平衍生型工业基地的全面转型。仍然在原有的资源型产业基础上的差异，连接工业基

12、地和一些本地产业的技术优势，使生产要素在行业之间的水平移位，其中有一个为那些单一路径资源型城市的产业结构和产业优势，将有助于建立一个强大的工业共生系统，例如，以煤炭为基础的城市发展的产业，可以利用其优势，如火力发电，金属冶炼业（3 ）在现有的开采类型，一种内源性的模型转换方法。在本质上，重新布置城市的资源，也就是的从资源依赖型产业发展的重点出发，其他现有的本地产业的内部资源产业基地作为农业和旅游业等。这条道路使适合城市的趋势更加明显，这些行业的全面发展，这样的城市可能有发展潜力和带动力的行业，这些行业的支持，成为国内领先的工业城市，从而达到改造的目的（4 ）是使用武力植入直接的资源为基础的城市

13、和城市的资源新的产业发展建立新的城市工业，事实上，一个外源性转化方法的工业基地系统创建城市的竞争力。成本高，资源枯竭或开采的资源型城市的路径，具有高科技的比较优势，促进产业发展的良好前景。2结束语近年来，中国的资源型城市面临的各种突出问题，提出难以解决的矛盾，考虑转型已迫在眉睫。幸运的是，在目前的专家和学者中，研究了城市的资源为基础的产业，和研究的许多成就，积累了一些宝贵的经验。最重要的是，目前我国有一些资源型城市成功实现了过渡，如辽宁省阜新市，不仅要鼓励重组的当前和未来的城市，对城市的改造，也为资源型城市产业转型提供了宝贵的实践经验和理论学习，也为产业结构调整的进一步研究和开放思维提供了捷径

14、。2. 原文Chinas resource-based analysis of urban industrial restructuring approachAbstract: The current, resource-based cities in the development process there were many problems either own the original, while others associated with the development generated. Unfortunately, the existing resource-based

15、cities not only failed to solve problems, and presents out of the conflicts intensified, not only the national and local government support, but also requires companies and other organizations and sectors of society to be attracted to work with and if not identify the timing of resource-based cities

16、 to take measures to implement the industrial restructuring, various issues and conflicts will be intensified, leading to resource depletion or urban decay, therefore, analysis and research resource-industrial transformation of the city becomes very necessary and very practical significance. Keyword

17、s: resource-based industry, the industrial structure of urban industrial restructuring First, the ways and means of industrial restructuring Industrial restructuring, industrial transformation of path selection is a core part of recent years, many domestic scholars have done a lot of research, Analy

18、sis of specific methods and the transformation of the path, it is necessary to first understand the path of industrial transformation in general, including what content. Zhang Liquan, Zhang Yan in the study of heavy national resource-based regions in western industrial restructuring problems of indu

19、strial restructuring in the path set selection should include: optimizing the industrial structure, to achieve local economic diversification, to industry to subsidize agriculture, to promote the development of agriculture, but also attract talent, improve population quality, nurturing creative tale

20、nt. As for how to restructure, some scholars believe that the transformation of urban development, according to the life cycle, different stages of the development of targeted countermeasures. Infancy of the resource-based cities, and urban origin in resource development planning efforts, the city r

21、esources need not be based on place of origin, should be positioned to implement the scientific planning and restructuring to avoid regulation, for the middle period of the resource-based cities, should be prepared well in advance transformation, which can make use of resources to adjust the industr

22、ial structure and resources for the advantage of conversion; and for old age of resource-based cities, you can use accumulated capital, technology and talent to drive the development of other industries, the focus shifted to non-resource-based industry development. Consider the above point of view,

23、the life cycle of urban development from the perspective of a critical period of industrial restructuring is the resource-based city middle age, and in this phase transition was dominated by the government, the transition is the key to the viability of the government. Because the citys competitivene

24、ss in the government to develop and implement a sound system based on the improvement of urban environment and integrated environment is improved by the Government to establish the ecological and geological environment to complete the comprehensive prevention and control mechanism, the citys social

25、services system and infrastructure is planned by the government in government intervention, through the introduction of advanced technology, to strengthen scientific and technological innovation in developing industries to change the traditional industries of the three high status quo, to establish

26、technical superiority, resources advantages will become stable advantage, which is a key resource industry restructuring initiatives. Another key is to optimize the industrial structure. Zhou Xiaowen and Wang Xirong that the process to optimize the industrial structure is the configuration of resour

27、ces between industries to optimize the process. In order to achieve industrial transformation, resources and industries should be two aspects. However, Yang Hans study more comprehensive and in-depth look, he said in the study, first the formulation of scientific development plan for the promotion o

28、f urban development should be mature in the industry to find a suitable replacement industry, with emphasis on the choice of alternative industries , should be replaced to improve the development of industrial technology content, while labor-intensive industries, in understanding the status of the d

29、evelopment of local resources, based on the focus on domestic and international market demand, extend, extend the industrial chain and the development of new industries is a good way, but in the heyday of the exploitation of resources should be taken into account, efforts to strengthen human resourc

30、es development should be taken seriously, the management needs of emerging industries of resource-based industries to train workers to adapt them to new industries, the introduction of talent is to meet the industrial transformation and do the most essential is to raise funds, resource-based cities

31、that they can solve this problem, such as preferential policies to attract foreign investment through other channels, the states financial support is needed to ensure the transformation of the funds. Qian Yong urban development from the perspective of the life cycle of transformation, but pay more a

32、ttention to the development of his early problems, he suggested the government should distinguish between urban development planning, in the beginning of construction on the mine to consider the feasibility of urban development, when development problems should also be treated differently, especiall

33、y to early planning, to create a conscious transformation of the environment, the urban transformation of the integrated city the same time, choosing the subject and its transformation to cultivate, encourage enterprises to implement transformation. Ren Yukun seem more pessimistic point of view, he

34、believes that the industrial transformation of resource-based cities on its own strength alone is difficult to complete, must use the power of external parties. Throughout the country hundreds of resource-based cities, many of them are weak in the city , so it seems he has a rational point of view.

35、In addition, he resource-based view of urban industrial restructuring described above coincides with a variety of perspectives. In addition to the transformation approach, Liu Haibin, Sun Xiujing, Tsang Cheung-wai suggested efforts in other areas, while government forces are also in transition leade

36、r, who suggested that the policy to rehabilitate, and appropriately increase investment in the country, focused on solving the compartmentalization phenomena and industrial distribution division positioned to promote the coordinated development of land prices; corporate finance through the financial

37、 system to create the conditions for the development of good mining town, must be in accordance with objective laws of development of the city and its a good plan, appropriate development resources, in the transition process , the use of appropriate industry adjustment assistance policies to promote

38、 the structural transformation of resource-based cities, to promote the rationalization of industrial structure between regions and selected pillar industries, and improve population quality, deepen market reforms and improve the ecological environment, efforts to achieve sustainable urban developme

39、nt, The key step is to reform and innovation. Mentioned above, the transformation approach basically requires the government or from large enterprises to improve or change aspects of existing models, so that resource-based cities toward a good direction and then, from small side, in the transition p

40、rocess Who is the main? the focus and do what aspects? Zhangxin Ying and Lu Ping, the study gives a better representative of the views. Their research shows that industrial restructuring should be based on improving the capability of independent innovation, develop high-tech and use it to transform

41、traditional industries, can improve the traditional high-tech industries to promote the technological upgrading of industrial structure, the purpose is to create competitive advantage and foster comparative advantage, which is the main way to transformation, that the resource-based cities to innovat

42、ive city. Industrial transformation and upgrading of industrial structure is important, because in essence refers to the industrial restructuring industrial restructuring, which includes the industrial structure adjustment and optimization. First to understand the industrial structure adjustment. Sh

43、ould adjustments can be for sure, just know how to adjust here, Fan Yanping Chong Huai and cattle on this issue gives good answers. They believe that, first of all to do ideological work, change the old thinking. Have a recycling economy concept because the economic cycle to extend the life of resou

44、rce-based industries, to achieve waste recycling and reduce environmental pollution, thereby enhancing economic efficiency. Secondly, we must respect the resource-based cities in the special law under the premise of gradual adjustment of industrial structure. cycle of economic thought specific forms

45、 of implementation is a resource-based industries from design, construction, mining, transportation, processing, waste disposal and other aspects of planning and implementation, and can not be separated for recycling in order to achieve these economic systems and policies of the establishment of ent

46、erprises and consumers to implement the cycle of economic thought, the incentives. Links to free download come to understand the industrial structure. Huang Fei has done a detailed description of his from a business perspective analysis, optimization of industrial structure that requires the formati

47、on of enterprise groups and the development of economic clusters to form a group of cost advantage, expand and market advantages and innovative strength, efficient and attractive elements related to the construction of a number of relatively intensive facilities, and As the group continued to enlarg

48、e the scale of the industry, can promote the development of the whole industry chain Huang Fei also favor the development of circular economy in order to achieve diversification of industrial structure. He believes that industrial restructuring and development of alternative industries need to foste

49、r high-tech industries, and scientific research and high technical staff in this area has become a key role, resulting in the demand for talent and high-tech, which is often the weak link in the resource-based city, it needs to increase its investment in these two areas, he also pointed out that the development of alternative industries and alternative to technology-intensive industries to focus on the development of tertiary