1、英文原文Intelligent Building1、 GeneralAn Intelligent Building is one conceived and designed with an integrated flexible and modular communication cabling infrastructure capable of accommodating the needs of information intensive users for advanced information technology and services.Ever increasing occu
2、pation densities as well as the exponential development and quasi universal use of personal computers coupled to market globalization and communication capabilities, over the past 20 years, have rendered the Intelligent Building (IB) concept a priority consideration in the planning of new or upgrade
3、dOffice buildings.Evolution towards new social priorities, for the more educated office worker of today, has also led to substantial increases in environmental issue demands and standards. Social studies revealed a direct relationship between user satisfaction in the workplace and productivity. Indi
4、vidual control capability of ambient conditions, at each work station, was identified as a major element leading to user satisfaction.Technological developments and cost attenuations through technological development and product availability have now rendered the Intelligent Building a viable and a
5、justifiable option from a strict cost to benefit aspect.2、OverviewDefinitions for the Intelligent Building concept still vary but the most accepted description is the one produced by the Barcelona-based Institut defons Cerd:“A building which incorporates information systems that support the flow of
6、information throughout the building, offering advanced services of business automation and telecommunications, allowing furthermore automatic control,monitoring management and maintenance of the different subsystems or services of the building in an optimum and integrated way, local and/or remote, a
7、nd designed with sufficient flexibility to make possible in a simple and economical way the implementation of future systems.”To the uninitiated, the perception of a buildings degree of intelligence is too often correlated with the sophistication level of its Energy Management and Control System (EM
8、CS) and its Communications system. However, to be effective, it must also encompass its mechanical and electrical systems order to minimize costs and maximize efficiency. There would be little point in developing ideal EMCS and its Communication systems for the occupants if HVAC, Lighting and other
9、systems annot meet and satisfy the needs of the occupants.In a new IB installation we should expect the following features: High- speed fibre optic communication network trunk for data, video and BAS. Flexible HVAC system with modular distribution and 100% outdoor aircapability to take advantage of
10、free cooling as well as to allow flushing ofthe building to dilute volatile off-gassing contaminants; Advanced integrated Energy Management & Control System (EMCS)utilizing direct digital control technology for HVAC, Lighting, Fire Alarm and other building support systems; Dedicated circuit power di
11、stribution network complete with Uninterruptable Power Supply units; Generous standby power generation; High efficiency filtration, energy recuperation and/or thermal storage features to improve indoor air quality and energy consumption performance; Networked multi-user access incorporating structur
12、ed password protection; Maximum transparency and communication capabilities between subsystems; Electrical design features tailored to Intelligent Building; Individually controlled HVAC terminal units allowing occupant control flexibility through Intelligent Terminals Controllers at each workstation
13、.In retrofit buildings we would expect variations of the above features based on an owning and operating economical analysis taking into account the existing services and the benefits ensuing through their replacement and/or upgrade. Major retrofits, particularly those involving designs dating back
14、20 years or more, are generally dictated by a combination of the following: New code requirements, Updated indoor air quality standards, Revised energy efficiency guidelines, Increased internal electrical requirements associated to the generalized use of PCs. Revised building use. The average life c
15、ycle of most M&E installations is 20 years versus an average building life cycle of 50 years. These retrofits, therefore, often dictate a complete revamping of the existing M&E installations well before the buildings life cycle has expired. This frequently offers an opportunity to upgrade the buildi
16、ngs support systems to IB standards.3、HistoryThe IB concept surfaced in the early 80s and generally advocated extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of building support and communication systems for voice and data. The initial concept promoted communication n
17、etworks to allow centralized word processing services and limited interaction between individual occupants and the Building Automation Systems through touch tone phones to override local HVAC set points and lighting schedules.Builders and owners were pressured to develop intelligent buildings, in sp
18、ite of the high premium costs, at that time, for prestige reasons and for enhanced rental potential.The Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as other specialized interest groups soon developed specific products and applications to meet and facilitate the implement
19、ation of the Intelligent Building concept. These developments coupled to the burgeoning Personal Computer market development have since reduced cost premiums drastically and greatly improved the ensuing benefits for Intelligent Buildings.The IB concept is now well accepted and applied in Europe, Asi
20、a and North America.4、Future trendsThe former Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) foundation advocated, a few years ago, a need to recognize, in future building designs, the transition from national economies to a combination of local and global economies and therefore the need to facilitate each e
21、mployees access to global communication networks. They predicted that information technology access will provide the biggest single impetus for change in the office environment. This prediction has now become a reality.IBI also predicted that environmental issues and particularly Indoor Air Quality
22、(IAQ) were becoming a primary concern in the design of the new office buildings. Improved air filtration and increased air change were pinpointed as major concerns in addition to flexible ambient room condition control.Other studies performed recently reveal that the use of Personal Environment Cont
23、rollers formerly called Intelligent Terminal Controllers or has measurably increased occupant satisfaction in the workplace on a number of pilot project installations. PECs are a combination of mechanical, electrical and control devices developed for the work station environment control and conceive
24、d to provide the occupant with the means to define and interact on temperature set points, air flow volume and diffusion patterns as well as lighting levels affecting productivity and user satisfaction. These studies have associated improved production to the use of Intelligent Terminals Controllers
25、.5、Intelligent Building ModelThe IB model structure has been subdivided into seven systems which may be interfaced to varying degrees. These systems are.Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system;Lighting System;Electrical Power Distribution system;Vertical Transport System;Security Syst
26、em;Life Safety System;Communications System;The general objective of the Intelligent Building System is to regroup control of these subsystems and facilitate interchange between them to the maximum justifiable extent while maintaining maximal initial and future competitive bidding possibilities of e
27、ach component as well as allowing dependent and timely upgrading of each system as new technologies evolve in its particular field.The IB concept also attempts to combine, wherever possible, the cabling networks for these subsystems in order to minimize costs and facilitate intercommunication or all
28、ow future upgrading.Efforts are being deployed between ASHRAE, IEEE, AEE and the computer industry to develop universal communication protocol standards. It is not expected, however, that universal standards will become a reality for another decade. The cabling structure must therefore be conceived
29、to accommodate the foreseeable requirements with minimal disturbance and cost when and if universal standards materialize. The favoured backbone communication cabling technology at this time favors fibre optic technology, because of its high speed communication potential.6、 Facilities Managementnumb
30、er of facility management programs are available on the market. They vary in complexity as well as in their ability to integrate complex systems such as: CAD drawing records of floor and office layouts;Furniture inventory; Maintenance management programs for M&E equipment Preventive maintenance of b
31、uilding structures; Real time data acquisition on equipment run time; Dynamic energy consumption totals per tenant; Historical data storage; Cost control and budgeting capabilities; Analytical programs.The Intelligent Buildings role in this system is to allow communication between the overall facili
32、ty management program and specialized management sub-programs such as the EMCS, the M & E Maintenance Management or the Preventive Maintenance to gather data or convey user complaints. his communication flexibility in IB installations allows the allocation of specific management systems on the basis
33、 of areas of specialization,competencies or individual buildings of a complex while maintaining capabilities for overall centralization of data and control.The IB communication capabilities can also facilitate interchange withaccounting or other Networks to import or export pertinent data whether in
34、house or outsourced.7、ConclusionsThe Intelligent Building concept represents a new trend in office building planning and one more step towards the future through added flexibility and adaptation to market and communication globalization. This concept regroups worker and building management needs in
35、a common and manageable communication infrastructure. The basic IB objective is improve worker satisfaction and productivity through enhanced work space environment and communication capabilities.Including the IB concept in the initial planning stages of the modern office building will provide subst
36、antial flexibility for the mid and long term life of the building particularly to communication intensive user clients. In most instances it will reduce tenant fit up costs down the road and provide enhanced flexibility and management capabilities while reducing energy consumption. Full implementati
37、on of all IB systems may not be necessary in the initial fit-up of a building. It is, however, mandatory to recognize the basic overall concept and implement a full communication cabling back bone structure from the onset in order to accommodate future user needs. The communication back bone must be
38、 distributed to strategically located communication rooms (Telco rooms) on each floor as part of the initial design.Subsequent floor distribution associated to any new or upgraded IB system could be achieved, via the suspended ceiling space with minimal cutting and patching. Justification for the IB
39、 concept must be analyzed independently for each building or fit-up and must take into account all derived benefits including increased productivity, flexibility, improved comfort and worker satisfaction as well as potential future savings over the projected life cycle of the building. Application o
40、f the basic Intelligent Building concept in todays modern office building should lead to positive Cost to Benefit evaluations when weighed in terms of increased user satisfaction and productivity and improved energy efficiency or flexibility. 中文译文智能建筑1、简介 智能建筑是要求有一个综合布线和灵活模块化的通信基础设施，通过先进的信息技术和密集的信息服
41、务用户来实现。要求具有先进的信息技术和设计能力服务于密集的信息用户。 随着居住密度不断增长，以及发展指数的增加，在过去20年来市场的全球化和通信的广泛应用，个人电脑的普遍使用，已经使智能建筑（IB）的概念，首先考虑在规划新办公楼或者提升办公楼的智能化。 随着社会办公楼的演变，由于今天越来越多的教育工作者，导致了环境问题，标准大幅增加。社会研究表明了住户对工作场所的满意度与生产力的直接关系，单独控制的环境条件下，每个工作站的能力被确定为导致用户满意度的一项重要内容。随着技术的发展，通过技术开发和产品供应的成本已呈现衰减，智能化应该从一个可行的和从严格的成本效益方面合理选择。2、 概述 智能建筑的
42、概念定义有所不同，但最被接受的描述仍然是由巴塞罗那的研究所的塞尔达描述的那样：“一个建筑物结合信息的系统，支持整个大楼的信息流通，为客户提供先进的服务和自动化业务通信，能够进行自动控制，监测和综合业务的本地或远程管理，具有不同的子系统或楼宇设备，并有足够的灵活性，旨在用一个简单经济的方式使一个系统实现。 对于一个外行人士来说，对一个建筑的智能化程度的看法往往是在其资源管理、控制系统（EMCS）及其通信系统的复杂程度来看，然而，最重要的是还是其机械系统及电力系统来降低成本和提高效率，在理想的机械设备系统、监控系统及通信系统中，对于暖通空调，照明以及其它系统，我们希望做到以下几点（1）高速的光纤通
43、信数据，视频和BAS网络的主干;（2）灵活的空调系统采用模块化分布和100的室外空气交换。以及能利用自然冷却将挥发性有毒气体稀释（3）先进的综合资源管理与控制系统（EMCS），对空调，照明，消防报警等设备及其系统进行直接数字控制;（4）具有专用电路配电网络能够满足不间断电源设备;（5）充足的备用发电;（6）过滤效率高，能量恢复和储存热量功能，以改善室内空气质量和满足能源消耗;（7）多用户访问网络 其中纳入密码保护机构;（8）最大的透明度和子系统之间的通信能力;（9）电气设计特点针对智能建筑; 单独控制的空调末端装置，允许在每个站点，乘员通过智能终端控制器控制的灵活的控制，我们期望拥有一个经营经
44、济分析的规划，考虑现有的服务和利益，并通过他们进行更换，随后根据以上特点的变化或升级，进行改造。特别是那些涉及设计，可以追溯到20年或更长时间，一般都是出于对以下组合：新的规范要求，（1）更新室内空气质量标准，（2）经修订的能源效率准则，（3）增加相关的普遍使用的个人电脑内部的电气要求。（4）经修订建筑用途 大多数机电设备的平均寿命周期是20比建筑平均寿命周期50年短。因此，往往在该建筑的生命周期已经过期之前对现有的机电装置完成改造。这往往提供了一个机会，以提高建筑的支撑系统的智能标准。3、历史 智能建筑的概念在80年代初出现的，一般主张制定集中的电子系统及广泛使用，以促进支持和语音和数据通信
45、系统的控制的发展。最初的概念推广，出现了通信网络的文字处理服务，集中有限的互动音频电话，通过人与人之间的沟通，住户楼宇自动化系统覆盖暖通空调系统和照明系统，发展智能建筑，尽管成本很高，在那个时候，只能建筑这种威严能提高租金及建筑的价值。 楼宇自动化系统和通信系统的行业的发展，以及其他专业人士很快制定了具体的产品和应用，满足了智能建筑的实施。在加上蓬勃发展的个人电脑市场发展的这些事态，大幅度降低了成本，大大提高智能建筑的蓬勃发展，智能大厦的概念随之被接受而一直延续到现在，在欧洲，亚洲和北美广泛应用。4、未来趋势 先前，智能建筑学会（IBI）基金会倡导，几年后有必要认识到，在未来的建筑设计中从本地
46、经济过渡到国家及全球经济的结合，因此有必要促进每个员工的进入全球通信网络，他们预言，信息技术的发展将会是办公环境变化的最大动力。这一预测已成为现实。 IBI还预测环境问题，特别是室内空气质量（IAQ）正在成为一个新的办公建筑设计的首要任务。改进和增加空气过滤除了灵活的室温条件下控制的主要问题。 最近进行的一些研究表明，环境控制器，以前称为智能终端控制器，已适当地增加了工作场所设施的试点项目，在此居住者表示满意。首先，他是一种机械，工作车站的环境控制装置的组合，构思着发展乘员的手段来定义和互动温度设定点，空气流动量和扩散模式，灯光亮度，以及性能和用户满意度。这些研究有相关的产业来提高智能终端控制
47、器的用途。5、智能建筑的模型智能建筑模型结构已被细分为七个不同程度的系统。这些系统是：（1）通风和空调系统;（2）照明系统;（3）供配电配电系统;（4）纵向输送系统;（5）安防系统;（6）生命安全系统;（7）信息交换系统; 在智能建筑系统的总体目标是重组这些子系统的控制，促进它们之间的交换，达到合理的最大限度，同时保持每个组件的最大初始化和未来的竞争性，即使的跟新，及时的升级，以及使各系统技术发展在其特定领域。 智能建筑的学术还应该交流，尽可能地发展这些子系统的布线网络，以便降低成本和促进互通或进行升级。 目前正在努力ASHRAE之间部署，符合IEEE，AEE和计算机行业发展的普遍通信协议标准
48、。这不是预期的，但是，一个普遍的标准将成为下一个十年的现实。因此必须设想用最少的干扰，以适应预见的需求和成本要求。如果通用标准实现。主干通信电缆的青睐于光纤，此时有利于光纤技术，因为它具有高速通信的潜力。6、设施管理 设施管理程序的数量在市场上是可得到的，他们在复杂化、多样化及整体化系统的功能如下：（1）CAD图纸及及办公室布置记录（2）家具库存（3）提供机电设备的维护管理方案（4）建筑结构的预防性维护（5）实时数据采集获得设备运行时间（6）每租户的动态能源消耗量（7）存储历史数据（8）成本控制和预算的能力（9）程序分析 智能建筑在系统中的作用是允许整体设施管理程序和专门的管理小组之间的交流，专门的管理小组如机电设备监控系统、机电维修的管理或用来采集数据和传达用户投诉的预防性维护措施。 他在智能建筑设备中的通信灵活性允许在专业领域的基础上对具体管理系统的分配， 也表现了在一个复杂的个体建筑中有为数据和控制的整体集中的维护能力 智能建筑的通信能力也可方便转乘计或到其他网络，以进口或出口是否内含或外包相关数据。7、结论 智能建筑的理念应用在办公建筑规划的新趋势，向未来迈
陕公网安备 61072602000132号 违法和不良信息举报：0916-4228922