1、The development of microwave filters and development prospects The development of microwave filters In 1917, the U.S. and German scientists were invented the LC filters, the following year led the United States first multiplexing systems to appear. The 1950 s no filter more mature. Since the s with
2、the computer technology, integrated process and material industry development, the filter development on a new level, low power consumption, high precision and toward, small volume, multi-function, stability and low price can be high and effort, including small volume, multi-function, high precision
3、, high stability can be the main attack direction of the 70 s. Cause RC active filter, digital filters, switch capacitance filter and the charge transfer of the rapid development of the filter, by the late 70s, the above several filter monolithic integration has been developed and applied. In the 80
4、 s, specialized in all kinds of new type filter research, and strive to improve performance and gradually expand the scope of application. In the 90 s to now mainly devotes to the of all kinds filter used in all kinds of filter development and the development of all kinds of products. Of course, to
5、filter the research continues to itself. Our country wide use filter is 50 s, when it was used for filtering and words road way filter. After a half century of development, our country filter in the development, the production and the application has set up a file in the development step, the single
6、 due to the lack of specialized research institutions, integration process and material industry in our country, yes to keep up with the development of many new filter application and international development for a short distance.Filter is a kind of two-port network, it has to choose the characteri
7、stics of frequency, that can make some frequency smoothly through, but to other frequency is to stop. Filter is radio technology in the center of the many design problems, at present in radar and microwave because, communication, and other departments, many frequency is becoming more and more common
8、, to work the requirements of space frequency also increase, so need to a large number of filter. The merits of the filter directly determine product quality, so to filter in the research and production has always for all countries take seriously. In 1917, the United States and Germany scientists we
9、re invented the LC filters, the following year led the United States first multiplexing systems to appear. In the 1950 s, passive filter more mature. Since the s with the computer technology, integrated process and material industry development, the development of the filter on a new level, low powe
10、r consumption, high precision and toward, small volume, multi-function, stable and reliable and inexpensive, of which direction small size, multi-function, high precision, stable and reliable in the 70 s as the main attack direction in the future, leading to the RC active filter, digital filters, sw
11、itch capacitance filter and the charge transfer machine etc all kinds of filter of rapid development. By the late 70s, the above several filter monolithic integration has been developed and get the application. In the 80 s, mainly specialized in all kinds of new type filter research, and strive to i
12、mprove performance and gradually expand the scope of application. Since the 90 s the main work to make all kinds of filter used in all kinds of product development and research. Of course, to filter the research continues to itself. The application of microwave solid device to filter development has
13、 a certain role as parameters, amplifiers, microwave solid times frequency of an, microwave solid mixers, kind of device is more work is needed, the frequency of corresponding filter. With the rapid development of the integrated circuit, in recent years, the composition of the electronic circuit com
14、pletely changed, electronic equipment is miniaturization. Originally for process simulation signal is indispensable LC type filter, in the low frequency part, will gradually be active filter and ceramic filter replaced; In the high frequency part also appeared a lot of new type filter, for example:
15、spiral oscillator filter, microstrip filter, pay refers to type filter, etc. Although they design methods have their own special place, but these design method is still low frequency synthesis filter design as the foundation, and evolving out of it. The prospect of microwave filters Microwave filter
16、 microwave field is key components, widely used in communication, radar system, is an indispensable part of the field. At present, the technology, the rapid development of microwave filters is a very active, branch, in recent years, major progress and development trend are as follows: (1) from indiv
17、idual applied to general application. If you consider that a microwave cavity resonator is a microwave filters the basic units of the word, can say it is also in the microwave technology study of one of the basic subject. But in fact, or early because the task of microwave equipment is lower, or bec
18、ause of the microwave filters analysis, design and manufacture all very hard, so, when people would direct application single lumen resonators, and less likely to put them into a more excellent properties of combination of microwave filters. But with microwave theory and technology development, the
19、microwave band of electronic equipment, the increase of the spectrum of the crowded, and against the commonly used electronic technology to filter in the application of microwave breadth and depth on the great progress(2) design method from numerous to Jane, from rough to accurately. In the past peo
20、ple with wave method to use some simple microwave filter structure analysis and design, already feel very difficult. And now, can complete application of modern network integrated theoretical results, smoothly carry on various microwave filters, and a comprehensive electronic computer work out of a
21、lot of the curves and data are available, simplified calculation, artificial improve the design precision;(3) various forms and components change, standardization. Due to the applications of design and manufacturing technology progress, microwave filters already from the few several varieties develo
22、pment plan to hundreds of thousands of a structure types ten. Some commonly used modular structure has and standardization. Printing circuit type or microwave integrated circuits type microwave filters also started to widely developed; (4) and other active or passive microwave components and devices
23、 is increasingly close combination. Now, microwave filters has become a passive microwave components of one of leading role, it not only can complete the task of itself, and can take the place of some other microwave components of the function, or the other microwave components as microwave filters
24、structure to design; (5) of new materials for microwave filters. Microwave material progress and its application in microwave filters and greatly enhance the performance of the filter. Such as microwave ferrite, ferroelectric, plasma, superconductivity has started to successfully used in(6) the high
25、-speed and automation tuned. As is known to all, when microwave single lumen resonators tuning already quite difficult, not to mention the DuoGe resonators combination of the filter. But now has to microwave filters can be fast the electricity, for example have iron garnet tone filters and transfigu
26、ration magnetic tube electric adjustable filter is the best examples; (7) to the new band march. People the millimeter wave and the millimeter wave filter is increasing interest in. Developing the new band of filters, in addition to the development of the existing technology performance band outside
27、, still widely quoted optical achievements, such as the law in a clap, cloth Saul resonator and other various filters and directional coupling the structure has been quoted as saying to come over from the optics. As can be expected, along with the new power source and the development of the transmis
28、sion line, these new band the development of the filter will be more active. Our country at present the application of various filter ratio our countrys existing types and filter covered frequency has basically satisfy the existing various telecom equipment. From the overall, our country active filt
29、er development than a passive filter and have not yet been slow of production and application. From the following production application proportion of various types of filters can be seen, the application of the: LC filters accounted for 50%; Crystal filter accounted for 20%; Mechanical filter accou
30、nted for 15%; Ceramic filter harmonic surface each accounted for 1%; The rest accounted for 13% of all kinds of filter. From the application scale, electronic products in China to realize the large-scale integrated, filter integration is still a important topic. along with the development of the ele
31、ctronic industry to filter, the performance requirements of more and more high, function more and more, and asked them to integration development direction. Our country filter development and production of the above requirements and far, in order to reduce that gap, electronic engineering and scient
32、ific and technological personnel have important historical responsibility. 微波滤波器的发展及发展前景微波滤波器的发展1917年美国和德国科学家分别发明了LC滤波器，次年导致了美国第一个多路复用系统的出现。20世纪50年代无缘滤波器日趋成熟。自60年代起由于计算机技术、集成工艺和材料工业的发展，滤波器发展上了一个新台阶，并且朝着低功耗、高精度、小体积、多功能、稳定可高和价廉方向努力，其中小体积、多功能、高精度、稳定可高成为70年代的主攻方向。导致RC有源滤波器、数字滤波器、开关电容滤波器和电荷转移器等各种滤波器的飞速发展
33、，到70年代后期，上述几种滤波器的单片集成已被研制出来并得到应用。80年代，致力于各类新型滤波器的研究，努力提高性能并逐渐扩大应用范围。90年代至现在主要致力于把各类滤波器应用于各类滤波器各类产品的开发和研制。当然，对滤波器本身的研究仍在不断进行。我国广泛使用滤波器是50年代后期的事，当时主要用于话路滤波和报路滤波。经过半个世纪的发展，我国滤波器在研制、生产和应用等方面已纳入国际发展步伐，单由于缺少专门研制机构，集成工艺和材料工业跟不上来，是的我国许多新型滤波器的研制应用与国际发展有一段距离。滤波器是一种二端口网络，它具有选择频率的特性，即可以让某些频率顺利通过，而对其它频率则加以阻拦。滤波器
34、是无线电技术中许多设计问题的中心，目前由于在雷达、微波、通信等部门，多频率工作越来越普遍，对分隔频率的要求也相应提高，所以需用到大量的滤波器。滤波器的优劣直接决定产品的优劣，所以对滤波器的研究和生产历来为各国所重视。1917年，美国和德国科学家分别发明了LC滤波器，次年导致了美国第一个多路复用系统的出现。20世纪50年代，无源滤波器日趋成熟。自60年代起由于计算机技术、集成工艺和材料工业的发展，滤波器的发展上了一个新台阶，并且朝着低功耗、高精度、小体积、多功能、稳定可靠和价廉方向努力，其中小体积、多功能、高精度、稳定可靠成为70年代以后的主攻方向，导致RC有源滤波器、数字滤波器、开关电容滤波器
35、和电荷转移器等各种滤波器的飞速发展。到70年代后期，上述几种滤波器的单片集成已被研制出来并得到了应用。80年代，主要致力于各类新型滤波器的研究，努力提高性能并逐渐扩大应用范围。90年代至今主要致力于把各类滤波器应用于各类产品的开发和研制。当然，对滤波器本身的研究仍在不断进行。微波固体器件的应用对滤波器的发展有一定的推动作用，像参数放大器、微波固体倍频器、微波固体混频器等一类器件都是多频率工作的，都需用相应的滤波器。随着集成电路的迅速发展，近几年来电子电路的构成完全改变了，电子设备日趋小型化。原来为处理模拟信号所不可缺少的LC型滤波器，在低频部分，将逐渐被有源滤波器和陶瓷滤波器所替代；在高频部分
36、也出现了许多新型的滤波器，例如：螺旋振子滤波器、微带滤波器、交指型滤波器等。虽然它们的设计方法各有自己的特殊之处，但是这些设计方法仍是以低频“综合法滤波器设计”为基础，再从中演变而成的。微波滤波器的前景微波滤波器是微波领域关键性器件，广泛地应用于通信、雷达等系统，是这些领域必不可少的部件。目前，微波技术突飞猛进的发展，微波滤波器是一个极其活跃的分支，近年来主要进展和发展趋势如下： （1）从个别应用到一般应用。如果考虑到一个微波空腔谐振器就是一个微波滤波器的基本单位的话，可以说它也是微波技术中研究最早的基本课题之一。但事实上，或者是由于初期微波设备所承担的任务还较低级，或者是由于微波滤波器的分析
37、、设计和制造均很繁难，因此，当初人们宁可直接应用单腔谐振器，而较少地把它们组合成具有更为优良性能的微波滤波器。但是随着微波理论和技术的发展，微波波段中电子设备的增多、频谱的拥挤，加之电子对抗技术的普遍应用，促使微波滤波器在应用的广度和深度上都进展极大；（2）设计方法从繁到简、从粗糙到精确。过去人们用场与波的方法对一些简单的微波滤波器结构进行分析和设计，已感到相当的困难。而现在却可以成套地应用现代网络综合理论成果，顺利地进行各种微波滤波器的综合，并有电子计算机所解出的大量的曲线和数据可用，简化了人工计算，提高了设计的精度；（3）形式多样和元件化、标准化。由于应用的广泛和设计制造工艺的进展，微波滤
38、波器已从极少的几个品种发展到数以十计个结构类型。一些常用的结构已元件化和标准化。印刷电路式或微波集成电路式的微波滤波器亦开始广泛研制；（4）与其他有源或无源微波元件和器件的结合日益密切。现在，微波滤波器已成为无源微波元件的主角之一，它不仅能完成本身的任务，而且能代替其他一些微波元件的功能，或者把另外一些微波元件看成微波滤波器结构来进行设计；（5）各种新型材料用于微波滤波器。微波材料的进步及其在微波滤波器中的应用，大大地提高了滤波器的性能。例如微波铁氧体、铁电体、等离子体、超导体都已开始成功地用于微波滤波器中；（6）调谐的高速和自动化。众所周知，当初微波单腔谐振器的调谐已相当困难，更不用说由多个
39、谐振器组合的滤波器了。但现在已经可以对微波滤波器进行快速电调，例如忆铁石榴石磁调滤波器和变容管电调滤波器就是最好的范例；（7）向新波段进军。人们对毫米波和亚毫米波滤波器的兴趣正在日益增长。研制这一新波段的滤波器，除了发展厘米波波段已有的技术外，还广泛引用光学上的成果，例如法布里一拍罗特谐振器以及其他各种滤波器和定向藕合器结构已经从光学中援引了过来。可以预料，随着新型功率源和传输线的研制，这些新波段滤波器的研制工作将更加活跃。我国目前各种滤波器的应用比例-我国现有滤波器的种类和所覆盖的频率已基本上满足现有各种电信设备。从整体而言，我国有源滤波器发展比无源滤波器缓慢，尚未大量生产和应用。从下面的生产应用比例可以看出我国各类滤波器的应用情况：LC滤波器占50%；晶体滤波器占20%；机械滤波器占15%；陶瓷和声表面滤波器各占1%；其余各类滤波器共占13%。从这些应用比例来看，我国电子产品要想实现大规模集成，滤波器集成化仍然是个重要课题。-随着电子工业的发展，对滤波器的性能要求越来越高，功能也越来越多，并且要求它们向集成方向发展。我国滤波器研制和生产与上述要求相差甚远，为缩短这个差距，电子工程和科技人员负有重大的历史责任。. .此处忽略！9
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