Byrne B M Structural equation modeling with Mplus basic concepts applications and.pdf

1、Structural Equation Modeling with Mplus Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming Multivariate Applications Series Sponsored by the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology,the goal of this series is to apply complex statistical methods to significant social or behavioral issues,in such a w

2、ay so as to be accessible to a nontechnical-oriented readership(e.g.,nonmethodological researchers,teachers,students,government personnel,practitioners,and other professionals).Applications from a variety of disciplines such as psychology,public health,sociology,education,and business are welcome.Bo

3、oks can be single-or multiple-authored or edited volumes that(a)demonstrate the application of a variety of multivariate methods to a single,major area of research;(b)describe a multivariate procedure or framework that could be applied to a number of research areas;or(c)present a variety of perspect

4、ives on a topic of interest to applied multivariate researchers.There are currently 19 books in the series:What if There Were No Significance Tests?coedited by Lisa L.Harlow,Stanley A.Mulaik,and James H.Steiger(1997)Structural Equation Modeling With LISREL,PRELIS,and SIMPLIS:Basic Concepts,Applicati

5、ons,and Programming,written by Barbara M.Byrne(1998)Multivariate Applications in Substance Use Research:New Methods for New Questions,coedited by Jennifer S.Rose,Laurie Chassin,Clark C.Presson,and Steven J.Sherman(2000)Item Response Theory for Psychologists,coauthored by Susan E.Embretson and Steven

6、 P.Reise(2000)Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS:Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming,written by Barbara M.Byrne(2001)Conducting Meta-Analysis Using SAS,written by Winfred Arthur,Jr.,Winston Bennett,Jr.,and Allen I.Huffcutt(2001)Modeling Intraindividual Variability With Repeated Measures

7、Data:Methods and Applications,coedited by D.S.Moskowitz and Scott L.Hershberger(2002)Multilevel Modeling:Methodological Advances,Issues,and Applications,coedited by Steven P.Reise and Naihua Duan(2003)The Essence of Multivariate Thinking:Basic Themes and Methods,written by Lisa Harlow(2005)Contempor

8、ary Psychometrics:A Festschrift for Roderick P.McDonald,coedited by Albert Maydeu-Olivares and John J.McArdle(2005)IV Multivariate Applications Series Structural Equation Modeling With EQS:Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming,2nd ed.,by Barbara M.Byrne(2006)A Paul Meehl Reader:Essays on the P

9、ractice of Scientific Psychology,coedited by Niels G.Waller,Leslie J.Yonce,William M.Grove,David Faust,and Mark F.Lenzenweger(2006)Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis,written by David P.MacKinnon(2008)Applied Data Analytic Techniques for Turning Points Research,edited by Patricia Cohen(20

10、08)Cognitive Assessment:An Introduction to the Rule Space Method,written by Kikumi K.Tatsuoka(2009)Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS:Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming,2nd ed.,written by Barbara M.Byrne(2010)Handbook of Ethics in Quantitative Methodology,coedited by Abigail T.Panter an

11、d Sonya K.Sterba(2011)Longitudinal Data Analysis:A Practical Guide for Researchers in Aging,Health,and Social Sciences,coedited by Jason T.Newsom,Richard N.Jones,and Scott M.Hofer(2011)Structural Equation Modeling With Mplus:Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming,written by Barbara M.Byrne(2012

12、)Anyone wishing to submit a book proposal should send the following:(a)the author and title;(b)a timeline,including the completion date;(c)a brief overview of the books focus,including a table of contents and,ideally,a sample chapter(or chapters);(d)a brief description of competing publications;and(

13、e)targeted audiences.For more information,please contact the series editor,Lisa Harlow,at Department of Psychology,University of Rhode Island,10 Chafee Road,Suite 8,Kingston,RI 02881-0808;phone(401)874-4242;fax(401)874-5562;or LHarlowuri.edu.Information may also be obtained from members of the edito

14、rial and advisory board:Leona Aiken(Arizona State University),Daniel Bauer(University of North Carolina),Jeremy Biesanz(University of British Columbia),Gwyneth Boodoo(Educational Testing Services),Barbara M.Byrne(University of Ottawa),Scott Maxwell(University of Notre Dame),Liora Schmelkin(Hofstra U

15、niversity),and Stephen West(Arizona State University).Structural Equation Modeling with Mplus Basic Concepts,Applications,and Programming Barbara M.Byrne University of Ottawa.outeiL.oe R I d i Taylor&FrancisGroup Routledge Taylor&Francis Group 711 Third Avenue New York,NY 10017 2012 by Taylor&Franci

16、s Group,LLC Routledge Taylor&Francis Group 27 Church Road Hove,East Sussex BN3 2FA Routledge is an imprint of Taylor&Francis Group,an lnforma business Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Version Date:20110627 International Standard Book Number:978-0-8058-5986-7(Hardback)978-1-

17、84872-839-4(Paperback)For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work,please access (http:/l)or contact the Copyright Clearance Center,Inc.(CCC),222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,978-750-8400.CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for

18、 a variety of users.For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCc,a separate system of payment has been arranged.Trademark Notice:Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to inf

19、ringe.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byrne,Barbara M.Structural equation modeling with Mplus:basic concepts,applications,and programming(Barbara M.Byrne.p.cm.-(Multivariate applications series)Summary:This text aims to provide readers with a non mathematical introduction to the b

20、asic concepts associated with structural equation modeling,and to illustrate its basic applications using the Mplus program-Provided by publisher.ISBN-13:978-0-8058-5986-7(hardback)ISBN-lO:0-8058-5986-1(hardcover)ISBN-l3:978-1-84872-839-4(pbk.)1.Structural equation modeling.2.Multivariate analysis.3

21、.Mplus.4.Social sciences-Statistical methods.l.Title.QA278.B974 2011 519.53-dc23 Visit the Taylor&Francis Web site at http:/ and the Psychology Press Web site at http:/ 2011018745 Contents Preface.xi Acknowledgments.xvii Section I:Introduction Chapter 1 Structural Equation Models:The Basics.3 Basic

22、Concepts.4 The General Structural Equation Model.9 The General Mplus Structural Equation ModeL.15 Notes.17 Chapter 2 Using the Mplus Program.19 Mplus Notation and Input File Components and Structure.19 The Mplus Language Generator.26 Model Specification From Two Perspectives.27 The Concept of Model

23、Identification.31 Overview of Remaining Chapters.39 Notes.40 Section II:Single-Group Analyses Chapter 3 Testing the Factorial Validity of a Theoretical Construct:First-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model.43 The Hypothesized Model.43 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.48 Hypo

24、thesis 2:Self-Concept Is a Two-Factor Structure.89 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.89 Hypothesis 3:Self-Concept Is a One-Factor Structure.91 Notes.93 vii viii Chapter 4 Testing the Factorial Validity of Scores From Contents a Measuring Instrument:First-Order Confirmatory Facto

25、r Analysis Model.95 The Measuring Instrument Under Study.96 The Hypothesized Model.96 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.101 Notes.121 Addendum.122 Chapter 5 Testing the Factorial Validity of Scores From a Measuring Instrument:Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model.125 T

26、he Hypothesized Model.126 Analysis of Categorical Data.126 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.133 Notes.146 Chapter 6 Testing the Validity of a Causal Structure:Full Structural Equation ModeL.147 The Hypothesized Model.147 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.15

27、3 Post Hoc Analyses.168 Notes.188 Section III:Multiple-Group Analyses Chapter 7 Testing the Factorial Equivalence of a Measuring Instrument:Analysis of Covariance Structures.193 Testing Multigroup Invariance:The General Notion.194 Testing Multigroup Invariance Across Independent Samples.197 The Hypo

28、thesized Model.197 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.208 Notes.226 Chapter 8 Testing the Equivalence of Latent Factor Means:Analysis of Mean and Covariance Structures.227 Testing Latent Mean Structures:The Basic Notion.227 The Hypothesized Model.231 Testing Multigroup Invariance

29、.231 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.241 Testing Multigroup Invariance:Other Considerations.254 Notes.257 Contents Chapter 9 Testing the Equivalence of a Causal Structure:IX Full Structural Equation Model.259 Cross-Validation in Structural Equation Modeling.259 Testing Invaria

30、nce Across Calibration and Validation Samples.261 The Hypothesized Model.262 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.264 Notes.282 Section IV:Other Important Topics Chapter 10 Testing Evidence of Construct Validity:The Multitrait-Multimethod ModeL.285 The General CFA Approach to MTMM

31、Analyses.286 The Hypothesized Model.287 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.288 Examining Evidence of Construct Validity at the Matrix Level.295 Examining Evidence of Construct Validity at the Parameter LeveL.301 The Correlated Uniquenesses Approach to MTMM Analyses.303 Notes.311

32、Chapter 11 Testing Change Over Time:The Latent Growth Curve Model.313 Measuring Change in Individual Growth Over Time:The General Notion.316 The Hypothesized Dual-Domain LGC Model.316 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.321 Hypothesized Covariate Model:Age and Surgery as Predictor

33、s of Change.338 Notes.344 Chapter 12 Testing Within-and Between-Level Variability:The Multilevel Model.345 Overview of Multilevel Modeling.346 The Hypothesized Model.350 Mplus Input File Specification and Output File Results.354 Notes.371 References.373 Author Index.395 Subject Index.401 Preface As

34、with each of my previous introductory structural equation modeling(SEM)books,my overall goal here is to provide my readers with a nonmathematical introduction to the basic concepts associated with this methodology,and to illustrate its basic applications using the Mplus program.All applications in t

35、his volume are based on Mplus 6,the most current version of the program at the time this book went to press.Although it is inevitable that newer versions of the program will emerge at some later date,the basic principles covered in this first edition of the book remain fully intact.This book is spec

36、ifically designed and written for readers who may have little to no knowledge of either SEM or the Mplus program.It is intended neither as a text on the topic of SEM,nor as a comprehensive review of the many statistical and graphical functions available in the Mplus program.Rather,my primary aim is

37、to provide a practical guide to SEM using Mplus.As such,readers are walked through a diversity of SEM applications that include confirmatory factor analytic(CFA)and full latent variable models tested on a wide variety of data(single/multiplegroup;normal/non-normal;complete/incomplete;continuous/ordi

38、nal),and based on either the analysis of covariance structures,or on the analysis of mean and covariance structures.Throughout the book,each application is accompanied by numerous illustrative how to examples related to particular procedural aspects of the program.All of the data files used for the

39、applications in this book can be downloaded from http:/ or httF/ summary,each application is accompanied by the following:statement of the hypothesis to be tested schematic representation of the model under study full explanation bearing on related Mplus model specification input files full explanat

40、ion and interpretation of related Mplus output files published reference from which the application is drawn xi xii Preface illustrated use and function of the Language Generator option data file upon which the application is based The book is divided into four major sections.A brief outline of each

41、 section and of its encompassing chapters is as follows:Section I This initial section comprises two introductory chapters.In Chapter I,I introduce you to the basic concepts associated with SEM methodology,and then familiarize you with SEM symbol notation,the process of modelbuilding,visible and non

42、visible model components,and the formulation of covariance and mean structure modeling.Finally,I provide you with a general overview of Mplus notation and illustrate its application to three very simple models.Chapter 2 focuses solely on the Mplus program.Here,I familiarize you with the lexicon and

43、structuring of Mplus input files,identify the 10 key commands used in building these files,note the availability of several analytic and output options,acquaint you with the Mplus Language Generator facility,identify important default settings,and alert you to the provision of a graphics module desi

44、gned for use in displaying observed data and analytic results.Along the way,I address the issue of model(or statistical)identification,demonstrate the calculation of degrees of freedom based on covariance,as well as mean structures,and distinguish between over-,just-,and under-identified models and

45、their resulting implications.Finally,because I consider it imperative that you fully comprehend the link between model specification as described in the Mplus input,as well as schematically portrayed in its related model,I walk you through specifications associated with three simple,albeit diverse m

46、odel examples:(a)a first-order CFA model,(b)a second-order CFA model,and(c)a full latent variable model.Section II This section is devoted to applications involving only single-group analyses.Chapter 3 involves specification of a first-order CFA model representing the multidimensional structure of a

47、 theoretical construct and outlines the steps involved in testing the validity of its postulated structure.In this first application,I walk you through each stage involved in building the related Mplus input file based on use of the Language Generator,illustrate how to run the job,and provide a deta

48、iled explanation of all results presented in the output file.Included here is a description of each goodnessof-fit statistic reported by Mplus,together with a complete breakdown of its computation.Preface xiii In Chapter 4,we examine another first-order CFA model,albeit this time,as it relates to th

49、e hypothesized structure of a well-established measuring instrument.In contrast to the model tested in Chapter 3,the one tested here exhibits strong evidence of model misspecification.As such,I subsequently walk you through various stages of the post hoc modelfitting process in an attempt to establi

50、sh a better-fitting model that is not only statistically viable and substantively meaningful,but also addresses the issue of scientific parsimony.Important caveats are noted throughout this model-fitting phase.Given that the data used here are non-normally distributed,I alert you to use and specific