Aikido-and-the-Dynamic-Sphere.PDF

1、A.Westbrook&O.Ratti I illustrated by O.Rattifiikido and theDynamic$pheresiHI(IDOINII THEDYNAMIG SPHENEn lllustrated Introductionby A.Westbrook and O.RattiIllustrations by O.RattiTUTTLE PUBLISHINGlloslorr.Ilttllrttttl,Vertttont o TokyoDisclaimer:Please note that the publisher and author(s)of this ins

2、tructional book are Nor RESPONSIBLE in any man-ner whatsoever for any injury that may result frcm practicirg the techniques and/or following rhe insrructions given with-in Martial Arts training can be dmgerous-both to yor.d1o others-if not practiced safeli If you,re i,dorbt as to howto proceed or wh

3、ether your pracdce is safe,consult with a tained martial.r.,.h.before beginning.Since the physicalactivities described herein may be too sttenuous in nature for some readers,it is also essential that a physicim be consultedprior to rraining.Published byTirtde Publishing,m imprint of Periplus Edition

4、s(HK)Ltd.,with editorial offices at Is3 Milk street,Boston,Massachusetts 02I09.Copyright 1970 Charles E.Ti:ttle publishing Co.,Inc.A1l rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form ot by any means,elecrronic ormechanical including photocopying,recording,or by

5、any information storage and retrieval system,without prior wrinenpermission from rhe publisher.Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:69-IGISIISBN:0-8048-0004-9(hardcover)ISBN:0-8048-3284-6(paperback)Distributed by:To Master Morihei Uyeshibawho did not believe hisaikido was for any particularindivi

6、dual,elite or nation-but for the whole human family.North AmericaTirtde PublishingDistribution CenterAitporr Industrial Park364 Innovation DriveNorth Clarendon,VT 057 59-9436TeL(802)773_8930Fu:(802)773-6993Email:Web site:Asia PacificBerkeley Books Pte LtdI30 Joo Seng Road#06-0I/03 Olivine BuildingSi

7、ngapore 368357TeL(6s)628o-3j2oFax:(65)6280-6290EmaiL inquiriesperiplus.con.sgFirst published I970First paperback edition 20OIFiftieth printing,2004(hardcover)Seventh printing,2OO4(paperback)l)rirrtcd irr rhc I lrrirr,l Sr,rrrs r,l Arrrcrr,.rIap-Tlttle PublishingYaekari Building,3rd Floor5-4-I2 Osaki

8、,Shinagawa-ku,TokyoJapan I4I-O032TeL(03)5437-oI7IFax;(03)5437-0755Email:tuttle-fndonesiaPT Java Books IndonesiaJL Kelapa Gading KiranaBlok AI4 No.I7Jakana I424O IndonesiaEmail csiavabooks.co.idifr6;e,#?*$rL4f*,J+rttsr f,ril!LJU,;sit1!st#u5.4At?FhwE+RttHil:11,1ljt*itil:n rhe uniform rhe Practice HaII

9、 rhei*x#*#$xgn+*+:rir+:lffi-E K vl rHE PHYSIcAL PREPARATToN 113A%#J Preliminary Exercises:Suppleness.Basic Exercises:Coordination-8 1 flFi Rolls and Somersaults*tyr.,r!o t?FTable of GontentsACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9PREtrACE 11LIST OF CHARTS 13I WHAT IS AII(IDO?17Defense in Aikido.The Centre and Ki.The Strat

10、egy of Neutral-ization.The Potential of AikidoII THE FOUNDATIONS OT AIKIDO 29The Founder.Main Sources of Formation and Inspiration.TheMartial Arts.The Ethics of DefenseIII ORGANIZATION 35;-.vIIl THE DASIC TECHNTQUES OF NEUTRALIZATTON l5ei;r Cienerll lteclnrmcndalions.Irnrnollilizittions.Projections.

11、Combi-ttttlionsTABLE OF CONTENTSIX ADVANCED PRACTICE 329Mat or Kneeling Aikido.The Stave Exercises.Neutralization Applied Against an Armed Attack.Neutralization Applied Againsr a Multiple AttackX CONCLUSION 359GLOSSARY 365SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 37IINDEX 373The Techniques ofThe Techniques of.Free Styl

12、ecknourledgmentsTsn souncrs of direct and indirect assistance to the authors in the process-ofaott.ting the material lor Aikido and the D2namic sphere are too many to be.f.io*fJaged individually here.In the former category,for example,are allthose instrictors and advanced students of the art,scatter

13、ed throughout theworld,underwhosepersonalguidancetheauthorsexploredthepracticaldimensions of this Discipline oiCoordination,or with whom they practicedand.orr.rponded fo.y.urr.In particular,however,they wish to express theirfrrrorrut gratitude to Yasuo O-ha.a,who introduced them to aikido for thehrs

14、t ti*.in New York in 1962;to Edi Hagihara,Barcy,Bernstein,andVirginiaMayhew,whohelpedthemovercomemanydifficultiesduringtheir,:afpr.rrti.ship,period;to Walter N.Dobson,Motokage Kawamukai,andyuri,i-itru yama-da,who clarified many problems of technical applicationcrxlrtyt;toKoichiTohei,chiefinstructora

15、tHombuDojoinTokyowho-ln April,.l965-conferred upon them the rank of black belt,lst degree;ancl to Kisshomaru uyeshiba,son of the founder of aikido,who instructedtltcm cluring his brief visit to New York in 1966lhe authors are not listing individually,by name and rank-but do re-mein 4ecply indebted t

16、o-all those other instructors and advanced studentsln the United states(from the East Coast to the west coast,and Hawaii),inj;,France,Italy,and Belgium who illustrated and explained their par-itaiofnr mctfiods and technicuiint.rpt.tations of aikido,either personally orln lengthy corresPondence.-Styi

17、i,uf p.rfoi*unce are as many and as unique as the individuals whoer;l;an art-aikido being no exception Each and every one to whichthe Eutlrors w(:rc exposed offered them an opportunity to view various as-iua,r,1tlrt:pr:rcticc in a new light and to re-examine their own basic prem-her,-Tlre H(,rtrccs

18、olindircct assistance,invaluable moral support and encour-aginrr.t int:lutlc in particular Dr.Elizabeth Richards and Mr.Charles6,Iterti,rgton;lilwrrl M.Kinncy,Edward OBrien,Anthony Foddai,andEdvl lller(lttlton,Flrrplly,lltc itrrllt6rs wislr t9(:xprg$s tlrtir ltt:itrtftlt gratitude to all those9IU AC

19、KNowLEDGMENTsaikido practitioners with whom they were privileged to practice in the unitedstates,France,and Italy,and to those students at all ievels of developmentwho_willingly cooperated in the testing and refining of the authors theorieson the tatami in dojo all over the world.Last,but certainly

20、not least,we wish to express our appreciation to themembers of the Editorial and Design departments of the Chu.i.,E.Tuttlecompany for their patient and painstaking e fforts on behalf o f Aikido and theDynamic Sphere.PrefaceIx onoEn to be consistent and have any significance whatsoever,a book-tiy Ut-

21、must havJ u ppo uq u,system for achieving that purposeThe primary p.r.por.-oi qik;n and the D;tnamic Splue.is to widen anddeepen knowledge of1ii,nir.ipline of Cooriination.In the authors esdma-tion,the art of uil.iao.orrtains valuable directives for helping man in hisrtruggleagainsttheage-oldpredica

22、mentrepresented.blth.aldispersive(anddilpersed)condition,ipftytil inctional and psychological lack of coordina-tion which.ur,rrrd.-i;J;h.very foundation of his character,personality,tnd-eventually-hisentirewell.being.Thisartalsocontainsanethicalmelrage a reason why,as well as a means of harmonizing

23、that characterand that personality lrl irr.sphere of superior development and of coordinat-lng it with tt .,.yauy toat of man-in his individual niche in histociety,in his world,-r-+1-,r ow:-d;il o prlrpor,however,because of its very depth andextensron rs ex-tremely difficult(if not impossible)to ach

24、ieve in a single book Aikido infte t,rests upor,utt,ut foautions drawn from the life of Japan in partic-ular,and Asia in d;J Its theory is complex-and.its.practice extremelyvaried*botf,.pf.r*iih unexplor.d posibitities.At best,then,what wehave systcmatically;J;gltf,.,hire can serve only as an introd

25、uctionto tlre subjcct.Aikido consists of,and may be systematically approached.as,theory andDrBe tice.Volumes.;J;.devotedentirely to.ittt.i,and anthologies to bothlifiJiitit.*ffi;f;J;t the end of this book indicates a verv bare be-Slnning).WcwcreforcedtoconsiderwhetherAikidoandtheDllnamicSpherclhoulc

26、l conccntrate pi*ify on the former-the history philosophy ethicalmotivations f th.,it,;j.,nora deal more specifically with its practice,i,u,i,tetrhniqucs,cxercises,and strategieswe clcciclccl nrlt-l;favor of the second possibility,and have conse-qurntly Bone very tfitpfy into the Practice of alkido

27、taking great pains todemonrtrute,r,rn,gi;rr.,ino,io of concrcte concluct of actual techniques,FxFrr,ircr,un.l*tr,rtJiir,*fr,tlrcir tlrtrrcticl m.tivittions are(or should be).,:crft.n12 pREFAcEhoping that the image of an action or the action itserf may prove to be worththe proverbial,thousand words.A

28、s to the system adopted,we wourd propose that there are two equallyvalid.ways of approaching aly experience-both with their positive andnegative aspects.In the East,the general tendency hir;y has been thatof approaching it as,a totality,ai an indivisibre entity*ior.hidden lawsmust be felt intuitivel

29、y and followed absolutely if the iesired resurt is to beobtained.There is,of course,a tacit acceptance of order and therefore,implicitly,a system of some sort;but the emphasis is upon reaping intothe experience with both feet-as into a pond-and sinking or swimmingas the case may be.-In the west,anal

30、ysis plus the ability to project abstractions have beenIargely responsible for the ud*rurr.,(and ihe horiors)of W.rt.r,civilization.However,in the west,the pervading theme is beginning to be:,we haveprogressed from primitive and.rrrr.lflorrrious plrticipiri i#il;thinking and an aopreciation of aware

31、ness on rhe individual level-now,finally,let us move tn.ard toward,ynth.ri,and unity on a higher and moretruly humane level.,In the East,on rhe other lTd,they began with the idea of unity accepteda priori-an acceptance which was to be largely,.rporribr.ro,tir.wondersand the tragedies of their civili

32、zation.g,rt*iil,the comirrg of industriali_zation,Asia of necessity b_egan to respond to the analyticar reionances buriedjust beneath the surface of tlat word.In Asia too,however,it is only a matterof time before there wil be a move toward.breniig rlr.rGinal and largeryunexamined totality with the.t

33、r.yll-acquired traiitio oiarratysis-gravi-tating,as in the west,toward a higher and more consciously constructedunity.In.this book,we,being westerners,have anaryzed and systematized thepractice of aikido,always keeping in mind the uliimate iii,f the art andhoping that the method*.huu.i.vised wilr he

34、lp to irrtrodr.other west_erners to this marvelous Discipline of Coordination.And,as we-although steeped in western ways-learned aikido by study-ing with manyJapan.se instr,.rctors,so we rrope that it may prove enrighten-ing for readers in the orient to uth a grimise of their urr*,.r,throughWestern

35、eyes.36373B3940lll2r:Hlprnn ll22 fhe ThcorY ol l)efensc23 lhc lrrltcrs rlfl)efcnsc atlrl lls la:tors24 lte l)ror:css oll)eli:rrrie:Stnges arrrl Qrralitit:s2lltltc l)rotcss oll)clhrrrre2(i Agglcrrivr Srrlicilntiorr52535+5556575t59606l62636566List of Gharts and TablesCHARTScneprnn 2I Main Sources of F

36、ormation and Inspiration2 Major Armed Martial Arts3 lajor Unarmed Martial Arts4 Major Schools of Martial Arts5 The Ethics of Defense in CombatcnRprrn 36 Categories and Ranks of the Aikido Hierarchy7 Hombu Dojo Grading SYstem8 Requirements for Promotion*New York9 The Uniforml0 The Practice Hallcneprn

37、n 4The Practice of AikidoIJncontrolled Neutralizations Affecting the PhysicalAttackl3 Controlled Neutralizations Affecting theAttackl4 Motion,Resistance,Controll5 Guiding the Motion of Convergencel6 Directions of Aggressive Convergence17 Basic HoldslB Basic Blowsl9 Basic Combinations20 Aggressive Co

38、ordination of Power2l Inner and Outer Limits of PowerFunctional Factors of anPAGE303l323334+7Factors of an50l3ti$t,r,$s:lr$;it*1Tllr666B7t79858BB8l6lt62It272B29303l32JJI2LIST OF CHARTS AND TABLESThe Process of Defense:Stages and FactorsThe Inner Factors:the Role of the MindCentralizationCoordination

39、Types ofkiThe Power of UPAThe Points of Control of UPATABLESThe Basic Techniques of NeutralizationExamples of Basic Techniques of Neutralization IllustratedAikido and theDynamic SPherel-=-CHIPTER IWhat is flikido?Euenctxo from a long period of obscurity in the East-during which time itwas familiar o

40、nly to relatively restricted circles-aikido has been called oneof the most subtle and sophisticated of the martial arts,and-at its higherlevels-an effective discipline for the development,integration,and utilizationof all mans powers,physical and mental(spiritual).What may appear at first glance to

41、be a unique method for efficiently de-fcnding yourself against any form or type of attack will reveal itseif undercareful scrutiny to be not only an effective method of self-defense derived fromJapanese Bujutsu(warrior arts);in addition-and this is the element whichinterests many who are strangers t

42、o the traditional dojo,or practice hall*iris a Discipline of Coordination,a way of strengthening the mind and body,ofusing thc individuals physi:tl:rnd mental powcrs so that he or she willemergc as ir mole lirlly integrittt:l ltuman bt:ing.Tltt:word,in fact,means,rrrellrol()r wly lrlnl lirr tlrc(kro

43、rtlittlti(,n(,r I litrtrrony Iai olMcntal Iinergrol Slririt lAil.t7-uxdi34i*iu.-_-:18 AIKIDo AND THE DYNAMIc SPHEREWHAT IS AIKIDO?19It is a unique method of self-defense equally adaptable to and effectiveagainst a single attacker or several.The practice section of this book(Chap-ters IV-IX)is devote

44、d to explanations and illustrations of the particularmethods employed to achieve these often spectacular results-and to achievethem,moreover,in a manner which makes aikido practice possible forpeople of all ages and both sexes.But why do we say that aikido is unique?Almost every martial art canclaim

45、 to be an efficient means of self-defense and many can be safelypracticed by old and young alike.How does aikido differ from all the others?The difference lies in the essential motivations and characteristic effectswhich identify its practice,and the early as well as continuing emphasisplaced upon t

46、hem.These include the following:t.Aikido,purely in its practical application,is an art of self-defense.It isentirely reflexive,and related ethically to defense against an unprovokedattack.There is no attack in aikido.When the techniques are appliedby aikidoists who have achieved a certain degree of

47、mastery in the art,they will leave no serious injury in their wake.There is the constant reference to the hara,or a mans Centre(i.e.,center of gravity),as the point of concentration of energy;there is thepredominance of references to ki,or Inner Energy,as the particularform of energy to be employed.

48、Finally,there is the interesting pos-sibility of expanding these concepts and their relevance to areas outsidethe comparatively restricted world of the martial arts.3.There is the characteristic strategy(i.e.,movements,displacements,tcchniques)peculiar to the art,and the emphasis upon circularity or

49、sphcricity in the application of that strategy.Wc will enlargc upon thcse three catcgories in some detail in the pages thatfollow,irs wcll as upon thc application olaikido training programs in theinterest ol plrysir:irl filncss.The particular martial art methoddeveloped by Master Morihei Uye-shiba i

50、n Japan which he referred toas aikido combines practical self-defense movements taken from swordand spear fighting,jujutsu,aikijutsuand other ancient,more esotericforms of the martial arts-with anemphasis from the very first momentof practice upon a characteristiccentralization of thought and action