HandbookofMicroalgalCulture_AppliedPhycologyandBiotechnology20132nd.PDF

1、Handbook ofMicroalgal CultureApplied Phycology and BiotechnologySecond EditionEdited byAmos Richmond,Ph.D.,Prof.EmeritusBen Gurion University of the Negev at Sede-Boker,IsraelThe Blaustien Institutes for Desert ResearchQiang Hu,Ph.D.Professor,Laboratory for Algae Research and BiotechnologyCo-Directo

2、r,Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation,Arizona State University,ArizonaThis edition first published 2013C?2004,2013 by John Wiley&Sons,LtdWiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley&Sons,formed by the merger of Wileys global Scientific,Technical andMedical business with Blackwell Publi

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5、 rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form orby any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording or otherwise,except as permitted by the UK Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,without the prior permission of the pub

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7、r mentioned in this book.This publication is designed to provideaccurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered.It is sold on the understanding that thepublisher is not engaged in rendering professional services.If professional advice or other expert assistance is requ

8、ired,theservices of a competent professional should be sought.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataHandbook of microalgal culture:applied phycology and biotechnology/edited by Amos Richmond and Qiang Hu.Second edition.pages cmIncludes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-470-

9、67389-8(hardback)ISBN 978-1-118-56716-6 ISBN 978-1-118-56717-3(emobi)ISBN 978-1-118-56718-0(ePdf)ISBN 978-1-118-56719-7(ePub)1.Algae cultureHandbooks,manuals,etc.2.MicroalgaeBiotechnologyHandbooks,manuals,etc.3.AlgologyHandbooks,manuals,etc.I.Richmond,Amos,editor of compilation.II.Hu,Qiang,1960-edit

10、or of compilation.SH389.H37 2013579.8dc232013006646A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats.Some content that appears in print may not be available inelectronic books.Cover images:C?Amos Richmond and Qian

11、g HuCover design by Steve ThompsonSet in 9.5/12 pt Times by AptaraR?Inc.,New Delhi,India12013ContentsList of ContributorsviAcknowledgmentsxiiiIntroductionxivPart 1:The Microalgal Cell with Reference to Mass Cultures11The Microalgal Cell3Robert A.Andersen2Photosynthesis in Microalgae21Ji r Masoj dek,

12、Giuseppe Torzillo,and Michal Kobl zek3Basic Culturing and Analytical Measurement Techniques37Yuan-Kun Lee,Wei Chen,Hui Shen,Danxiang Han,Yantao Li,Howland D.T.Jones,Jerilyn A.Timlin,and Qiang Hu4Strategies for Bioprospecting Microalgae for Potential Commercial Applications69William Barclay and Kirk

13、Apt5Maintenance of Microalgae in Culture Collections80Jerry J.Brand,Robert A.Andersen,and David R.Nobles Jr.6Environmental Stress Physiology with Reference to Mass Cultures90Giuseppe Torzillo and Avigad Vonshak7Environmental Effects on Cell Composition114Qiang Hu8Inorganic Algal Nutrition123Johan U.

14、Grobbelaar9Commercial Production of Microalgae via Fermentation134William Barclay,Kirk Apt,and X.Daniel Dong10Molecular Genetic Manipulation of Microalgae:Principles and Applications146Roshan Prakash Shrestha,Farzad Haerizadeh,and Mark HildebrandPart 2:Mass Cultivation and Processing of Microalgae16

15、911Biological Principles of Mass Cultivation of Photoautotrophic Microalgae171Amos Richmond12Theoretical Analysis of Culture Growth in Flat-Plate Bioreactors:The Essential Role of Timescales205Y.Zarmi,G.Bel,and C.AflaloiiiivContents13Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Microalgae225Graziella C.Z

16、ittelli,Natascia Biondi,Liliana Rodolfi,and Mario R.Tredici14Downstream Processing of Cell Mass and Products267Emilio Molina Grima,Francisco Gabriel Aci en Fern andez,and Alfonso Robles Medina15First Principles of Techno-Economic Analysis of Algal Mass Culture310C.Meghan Downes and Qiang HuPart 3:Co

17、mmercial Species of Industrial Production32716Chlorella:Industrial Production of Cell Mass and Chemicals329Jin Liu and Qiang Hu17Biology and Industrial Production of Arthrospira(Spirulina)339Amha Belay18Dunaliella:Biology,Production,and Markets359Michael A.Borowitzka19Biology and Industrial Potentia

18、l of Botryococcus braunii369Makoto M.Watanabe and Yuuhiko Tanabe20Biology and Commercial Aspects of Haematococcus pluvialis388Danxiang Han,Yantao Li,and Qiang Hu21Novel Sulfated Polysaccharides of Red Microalgae:Basics and Applications406Shoshana(Malis)Arad and Dorit van Moppes22Hydrogen Production

19、by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii417Giuseppe Torzillo and Michael Seibert23Biology and Biotechnology of Edible Nostoc433Danxiang Han,Zhongyang Deng,Fan Lu,and Zhengyu Hu24IGV GmbH Experience Report,Industrial Production of Microalgae Under Controlled Conditions:Innovative Prospects445O.Pulz,J.Broneske,an

20、d P.Waldeck25Microalgae for Human and Animal Nutrition461E.Wolfgang Becker26Bioactive and Novel Chemicals from Microalgae504R.Cameron Coates,Emily Trentacoste,and William H.Gerwick27High-value Recombinant Protein Production in Microalgae532Daniel J.Barrera and Stephen P.Mayfield28Molecular and Cellu

21、lar Mechanisms for Lipid Synthesis and Accumulation in Microalgae:Biotechnological Implications545Yantao Li,Danxiang Han,Kangsup Yoon,Shunni Zhu,Milton Sommerfeld,and Qiang Hu29Biofuels from Microalgae566Maria J.Barbosa and Ren e H.WijffelsPart 4:Water Pollution and Bioremediation by Microalgae57930

22、Eutrophication and Water Poisons581Susan BlackburnContentsv31Water Purification:Algae in Wastewater Oxidation Ponds595Asher Brenner and Aharon Abeliovich32Absorption and Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Microalgae602Drora KaplanPart 5:Microalgae for Aquaculture61333Microalgae for Aquaculture:The Curren

23、t Global Situation and Future Trends615Arnaud Muller-Feuga34Microalga for Aquaculture:Practical Implications628Oded Zmora,Dan J.Grosse,Ning Zou,and Tzachi M.Samocha35Transgenic Marine Microalgae:A Value-Enhanced Fishmeal and Fish Oil Replacement653Jonathan Gressel36Microalgae for Aquaculture:Nutriti

24、onal Aspects671E.Wolfgang Becker37The Enhancement of Marine Productivity for Climate Stabilization and Food Security692Ian S.F.Jones and Daniel P.HarrisonIndex705List of ContributorsAharon AbeliovichDepartment of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105,IsraelDecea

25、sedC.AflaloJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990,IsraelEmail:aflalocbgu.ac.ilPhone:972-86596817Fax:972-86596802Robert A.AndersenSenior Research ScientistFriday Harbor LaboratoriesUniversity of WashingtonFriday Harbor,WA 98250Direct

26、or EmeritusProvasoli-Guillard National Center for Marine Algae andMicrobesBigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesP.O.Box 380,East Boothbay,ME 04544,USAEmail:raa48uw.eduPhone:001-906-370-1886Kirk AptChief Research ScientistDSM Nutritional Products6480 Dobbin Road,Columbia,MD 21045,USAEmail:Phone:1-410-

27、740-0081Fax:1-410-740-2985Shoshana(Malis)AradProfessorDepartment of Biotechnology EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105,IsraelEmail:aradbgu.ac.ilPhone:972-8-6479069Fax:972-8-9479067Maria J.BarbosaResearch Manager MicroalgaeFood and Biobased ResearchWageningen University and R

28、esearch CenterP.O.Box 17,6700 AA Wageningen,The NetherlandsEmail:maria.barbosawur.nlPhone:+31(0)317 480079 7Fax:+31(0)317 483011William Barclayretired/former Chief Intellectual Property OfficerDSM Nutritional Products Boulder Research Center4909 Nautilus Court North,Suite 208,Boulder,CO 803017356 Pa

29、norama DriveBoulder,CO 80303,USAEmail:Phone:1-303-579-5943Daniel J.BarreraPhD StudentUniversity of California,San Diego9500 Gilman Drive,La Jolla,CA 92093-0212,USAEmail:dbarreraucsd.eduPhone:858-869-3879viList of ContributorsviiE.Wolfgang BeckerMedical Clinic,Department IIImmunopathological Laborato

30、ry72076 T ubingen,GermanyEmail:ew.beckergmx.dePhone:0049-7472-21981G.BelDepartment of Solar Energy and Environmental PhysicsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990,IsraelEmail:belbgu.ac.ilPhone:972-86596845Fax:972-86596921Amha BelayS

31、r.Vice President&CTOEarthrise Nutritionals LLC2151 Michelson Drive,Suite 258Irvine,CA 92612,USAEmail:Phone:1-760-427-8462Natascia BiondiResearcherDipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentarie dellAmbienteUniversit a degli Studi di FirenzePiazzale delle Cascine 24,50144 Firenze,ItalyEmail:

32、natascia.biondilibero.itPhone:+39-055-3288480Fax:+39-055-3288272Susan BlackburnHead,Australian National Algae Culture CollectionCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchG.P.O.Box 1538,Hobart,Tasmania 7001,AustraliaEmail:susan.blackburncsiro.auPhone:+61-3-6232-5307Fax:+61-3-6232-5000Michael A.BorowitzkaP

33、rofessorAlgae R&D CenterMurdoch UniversityMurdoch WA 6150,AustraliaEmail:m.borowitzkamurdoch.edu.auPhone:+61-8-9360-2333Jerry J.BrandProfessorSection of Molecular,Cell&Developmental BiologyEmail:jbrandaustin.utexas.eduPhone:512-4711589Fax:512-2323402DirectorCulture Collection of Algae(UTEX)Universit

34、y of Texas at Austin205 W 24th Street,Austin,TX 78712,USAEmail:jbrandaustin.utexas.eduPhone:(512)4711589Fax:(512)2323402Asher BrennerProfessorUnit of Environmental EngineeringBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 84105,IsraelEmail:brennerbgu.ac.ilPhone:972-8-6479029J.BroneskeIGV Biotech Depar

35、tmentIGV GmbHArthur-Scheunert-Allee 40-41,14558 Nuthetal,GermanyEmail:j_broneskeigv-gmbh.dePhone:+49-33200-89151Fax:+49-33200-89158Wei ChenAssociate Research ProfessorLaboratory for Algae Research and BiotechnologyCollege of Technology and InnovationArizona State University7001 E.Williams Field Road

36、Mesa,AZ 85212,USAEmail:wei.chenasu.eduPhone:+1-480-727-5663Fax:+1-480-727-1475R.Cameron CoatesCenter for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicinePhD CandidateScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California,San Diego9500 Gilman Drive,La Jolla,CA 92093-0212,USAEmail:rccoatesucsd.eduPhone:01-85

37、8-822-4366Fax:01-858-534-0576viiiList of ContributorsZhongyang DengAssociate ProfessorSchool of Biological EngineeringHubei University of TechnologyWuhan,Hubei 430068,ChinaEmail:Phone:+86-139-0591-4136X.Daniel DongSr.Research Engineer IVDSM Nutritional Products6480 Dobbin Rd,Columbia,MD 21045Email:D

38、Phone:1-240-512-2643Fax:1-410-740-2985C.Meghan DownesAssociate ProfessorEconomics,International Business,and Applied StatisticsDepartmentNew Mexico State UniversityLas Cruces,NM 88003-8001,USAEmail:cdownesnmsu.eduPhone:575-202-5181Francisco Gabriel Aci en Fern andezAssociate Professor of Chemical En

39、gineeringChemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Almer a04120 Almeria,SpainEmail:facienual.esPhone:+34-950015443Fax:+34-950015484William H.GerwickDistinguished ProfessorCenter for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical

40、 SciencesUniversity of California,San Diego9500 Gilman Drive,La Jolla,CA 92093-0212,USAEmail:wgerwickucsd.eduPhone:01-858-534-0578Fax:01-858-534-0576Jonathan GresselProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Plant SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100,IsraelEmail:jonathan.gresselweizmann.ac.ilPhon

41、e:+972-8-9343481Fax:+972-8-9344181Daniel J.GrossePresidentTerrAqua Environmental Science and Policy,LLC3754 Jenifer Street,NWWashington,DC 20015Email:dgrosseterraqua.orgPhone:202-258-9700Fax:202-244-4667andAdjunct Associate ProfessorUniversity of Maryland University CollegeGraduate Program in Enviro

42、nmental ManagementAdelphi,MD 20873,USAEmail:Dan.Grossefaculty.umuc.eduPhone:202-258-9700Fax:202-244-4667Emilio Molina GrimaProfessor of Chemical EngineeringChemical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Almer a04120 Almeria,SpainEmail:emolinaual.esPhone:+34-950015032Fax:+34-950015484Johan U.Grobbelaar

43、Professor EmeritusDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300,South AfricaEmail:grobbejuufs.ac.zaPhone:+27-51-4012263Farzad HaerizadehMetabolic Systems LeadSynthetic Biology R&DLife Technologies Corporation5791 Van Allen WayCarlsbad,CA 92008,USAEmail:Phone:760-476-6156D

44、anxiang HanAssistant Research ProfessorLaboratory for Algae Research and BiotechnologyCollege of Technology and InnovationArizona State University7001 E.Williams Field RoadMesa,AZ 85212,USAEmail:Danxiang.hanasu.eduPhone:+1-480-727-5661Fax:+1-480-727-1475List of ContributorsixDaniel P.HarrisonResearc

45、h EngineerOcean Nourishment FoundationP.O.Box 363,Glebe 2037 NSW,AustraliaEmail:daniel.harrisononf-ocean.orgPhone:+61-409-398-901Mark HildebrandResearch ScientistScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego,CA 92037,USAEmail:mhildebranducsd.eduPhone:858-822-0167Fax:858-534-73

46、13Qiang HuProfessor and Co-DirectorLaboratory for Algae Research and BiotechnologyCollege of Technology and InnovationArizona State University7001 E.Williams Field RoadMesa,AZ 85212,USAEmail:huqiangasu.eduPhone:+1-480-727-1784Fax:+1-480-727-1475Zhengyu HuProfessorInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Aca

47、demy of Sciences7 South Donghu Road,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,ChinaEmail:Phone:+86-138-0864-8218Fax:+86-27-6878-0016Howland D.T.JonesSenior Scientist BiosciencesSandia National LaboratoriesP.O.Box 5800Albuquerque,NM 87185,USAEmail:hdjonessandia.govPhone:+1-505-284-1842Fax:+1-505-284-3775Ian S.F.JonesProfes

48、sorOcean Technology GroupSchool of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyMadsen Building F09,2006 NSW,AustraliaEmail:ian.jonessydney.edu.auPhone:+61-2-9351-4585Drora KaplanProfessor Emeritus,Department of EnvironmentalHydrology and MicrobiologyZuckerberg Institute for Water ResearchJacob Blaustein Institut

49、es for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer Campus,Midreshet Ben-Gurion 84990,IsraelEmail:drorakabgu.ac.ilPhone:972-8-6596835Fax:972-8-6596909Michal Kobl zekSenior ScientistDepartment of Phototrophic MicroorganismsInstitute of MicrobiologyAcademy of SciencesOpatovick y ml yn,C

50、Z-37981 T rebo n,Czech RepublicEmail:koblizekalga.czPhone:+420-384-340432;Fax:+420-384-340415Yuan-Kun LeeAssociate ProfessorDepartment of MicrobiologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeBlock MD4,5 Science Drive 2,Singapore 117597Email:micleeyknus.edu.sgPhone:+65-65163284F