Unit-2-文化差异.ppt

1、学学林出版社林出版社 第二册第二册普通高等教育“十一五”规划教材 Beyond Oxford Practical college English Course 学学林出版社林出版社 2BackNext Taboos 禁忌禁忌 Euphemisms 委婉语委婉语Unit 1TwoTable of ContentsBetween Cultures 文化差异文化差异学学林出版社林出版社 3Focus1 contentBackNextS:Cultural differencesL:A can of worms:taboos in AmericaL:A rude parrot S:A test of c

2、ultural IQR:American management W:Writing an email Taboos 禁忌禁忌FocusR:Proverbs学学林出版社林出版社 4focus1starterBackNext1.Starter Cultural differences Look at the pictures.Think about the following question.When a Chinese person talks with an American friend of the opposite sex,is it impolite to look in the o

3、thers eyes?_No.Eye contact is regarded as polite in Western culture,though somewhat rude in Chinese culture.学学林出版社林出版社 52.A can of worms:taboos in AmericaListen to a dialogue about communication taboos in America and do the exercises.A.Answer the following questions.NextFocus 1.2 Back1.Which of the

4、following does the professor mention as communication taboos in America?()A.Greeting people with a kiss.B.Asking a woman how old she is.C.Picking your nose in public.D.Asking about another persons salary.E.Asking about someones weight.F.Stepping on landmines.2.Does the professor mention how to figur

5、e out a womans age?_ B EYes,he does.You take ten years away from the age she looks.学学林出版社林出版社 6BackNextFocus 1 2B.The words and phrases in the box are taken from the professors talk.Match them with their meanings.sensitive watch your step its safe to say landmine sensible a can of worms1.a situation

6、 which causes a lot of trouble for you when you start to deal with it _2.a bomb hidden in the ground that will explode if someone steps on it _ 3.be careful _4.able to judge something well _5.its definitely true _6.easily hurt or upset _watch your step a can of wormslandminesensible its safe to says

7、ensitive2.A can of worms:taboos in America学学林出版社林出版社 7BackNextFocus 1 2Su Hui:Professor,do you know anything about American taboos?Professor:Age.Yes,age is a very sensitive subject to many Americans,especially to women over the age of thirty.Su Hui:How would a woman respond if I asked her,“How old a

8、re you exactly?”Professor:Thats the last thing they want to be asked.It may result in replies like“How old do you think I am?”Su Hui:If Im dying to know someones age?To be continued2.A can of worms:taboos in America学学林出版社林出版社 8BackNextFocus 1 2Professor:You take ten years off the age they look.Im su

9、re youll get a big smile from that person,who will say:“Well,Im already 38.Can you believe it?”Su Hui:What else do Americans mind?Professor:Weight.Youd better not ask how much they weigh,even if they are thin.Su Hui:But what if I have to bring up this subject?Professor:Its always safe to say:“Hey,yo

10、u look great.Very healthy.”Never say someone is fat.Su Hui:Well,those Americans!Its difficult to avoid landmines.Professor:So,be sensible,watch your step and try not to open a can of worms.2.A can of worms:taboos in America学学林出版社林出版社 9BackNextFocus 1 2 Notes 1.Yes,age is a very sensitive subject to

11、many Americans,especially to women over the age of thirty.是的，对于许多美国人，尤其是三十岁以上的女人来说，年龄是个非常敏感的话题。*sensitive a.敏感的e.g.Lauras sensitive about her weight.*subject n.话题，主题；对象e.g.This is a book on the subject of love.*especially ad.尤其，特别e.g.Ive never liked long walks,especially in winter.2.How would a woma

12、n respond if I asked her,“How old are you exactly?”如果我问一位女士：“请问你的真实年龄是？”她会怎样回答呢？*exactly ad.精确地，准确地，确切地 e.g.A TV replay showed exactly what had happened.2.A can of worms:taboos in America学学林出版社林出版社 10BackNextFocus 1 23.It may result in replies like“How old do you think I am?”她们可能会反问：“你认为我有多大了？”resul

13、t in 导致e.g.A diet with no exercise is bad for the health,because it will result in the loss of both fat and muscle tissue.4.If Im dying to know someones age?如果我就是想知道某人的年龄呢？be dying to do sth.表示“等不及，急切，迫不及待做某事”。e.g.Were dying to get started.5.So,be sensible,watch your step and try not to open a can o

14、f worms.所以啊，头脑要清醒些，说话谨慎点，不要去触及那些忌讳的话题。sensible a.明智的e.g.Its sensible to keep a note of your passport number.a can of worms 棘手之事 e.g.The court case has opened up a real can of worms.2.A can of worms:taboos in America学学林出版社林出版社 113.A rude parrotListen to a story.Complete each of the statements with it

15、s ending from the box.BackNextFocus 1 3 a)was about to ask what had caused such a change in its behavior.b)clean up the birds vocabulary.c)was fed up with it.d)yelled at it.e)in a moment of desperation.f)was afraid that the bird might have frozen to death.学学林出版社林出版社 123.A rude parrotBackNextFocus 1

16、3()1.Almost every word the bird said was rude,so Jimmy worked hard to try to()2.The bird said dirtier words because Jimmy()3.Failing to change the birds vocabulary,Jimmy shouted at it because he()4.The bird asked a silly question when Jimmy()5.Jimmy saw no hope of changing the birds rude vocabulary

17、and put it into the freezer()6.When he didnt hear a sound for half a minute,Jimmy opened the freezer door because hebdcaef学学林出版社林出版社 133.A rude parrotBackNextFocus 1 3 A Rude Parrot Jimmy received a parrot for his birthday.The parrot was fully grown,with a bad attitude and worse vocabulary.Jimmy tri

18、ed hard to change the birds attitude by often saying polite words,playing soft music anything he could think of to clean up the birds vocabulary.Nothing worked.Fed up with the bird,Jimmy yelled at it,and the bird got worse.He shook the bird and the bird got angrier and ruder.Finally,Jimmy put it in

19、the freezer.For a few moments he heard the bird kicking and screaming.Then suddenly there was quiet.Not a sound for half a minute.Fearing that he might have hurt the bird,Jimmy quickly opened the freezer door.The parrot calmly stepped out onto Jimmys arm and said,“I believe I may have offended you w

20、ith my rude language and behavior.Im sincerely regretful for my bad manners and I will try at once to correct my rude behavior.”Jimmy was surprised at the change in the birds attitude and was about to ask what had changed him,when the parrot continued,“May I ask what the chicken did?”学学林出版社林出版社 143.

21、A rude parrotBackNextFocus 1 3 Notes 1.The parrot was fully grown,with a bad attitude and worse vocabulary.这是一只成年鹦鹉，态度非常恶劣，语言更是粗俗。*attitude n.态度；看法e.g.Petes attitude towards women really scares me.2.anything he could think of to clean up the birds vocabulary.所有他能想到的使鹦鹉不再说脏话的办法他都试过了。clean up 清除；打扫干净

22、e.g.The mayor is determined to clean up the city.3.Fed up with the bird,Jimmy yelled at it,and the bird got worse.最后，他忍无可忍，对着鹦鹉吼了起来，而鹦鹉却变得更加粗鲁。be fed up(with)（对）受够了 e.g.Mary told me straight out that she was fed up and wanted to leave.学学林出版社林出版社 153.A rude parrotBackNextFocus 1 3 4.For a few moments

23、 he heard the bird kicking and screaming.他听到鹦鹉在里面又叫又踢了一会儿。*scream vi.（因伤痛、害怕、激动等）尖叫，发出尖叫声e.g.She screamed when she saw the robber.5.The parrot calmly stepped out onto Jimmys arm and said,“I believe I may have offended you with my rude language and behavior.Im sincerely regretful for my bad manners a

24、nd I will try at once to correct my rude behavior.”鹦鹉平静地走到吉米的手臂上说：“我想，我说了无礼的话，做了无礼的事而冒犯了您。对于我的无礼我诚心悔过，我会立刻努力改正我的粗鲁行为。”*calmly ad.平静地，冷静地，沉着地e.g.He spoke calmly,but every sentence carried weight.学学林出版社林出版社 163.A rude parrotBackNextFocus 1 3 *offend vt.触怒，得罪，冒犯 e.g.I didnt mean to offend you.*regretfu

25、l a.后悔的；失望的，惋惜的，遗憾的e.g.He is regretful for what he has done.6.Jimmy was surprised at the change in the birds attitude and was about to ask what had changed him,when the parrot continued,“May I ask what the chicken did?”鹦鹉态度的改变让吉米感到很吃惊。他正想问它怎么会突然发生如此大的改变时，鹦鹉接着说：“我可以问一下那只鸡犯了什么错吗？”be about to do sth.刚要

26、，即将做 e.g.As she was about to speak,I frowned her down.学学林出版社林出版社 171.You are hosting a meeting in Wisconsin for Chinese business people.Which is not a blunder?A.Holding the meeting in Room 444.B.Passing out green caps.D.Serving Wisconsin cheese at every meal.4.A test of cultural IQBackNextFocus 1 4D

27、iscover your cultural IQ by deciding on the answers to the questions and giving reasons.NoteThe number four is regarded by many Chinese as inauspicious(不吉利的)(it sounds like die);a green hat means you are a cuckold(戴绿帽子的丈夫);many Chinese are lactose-intolerant(无法忍受乳糖的).C.Staying up late entertaining y

28、our guests.学学林出版社林出版社 182.Spitting is extremely ugly in many places,and is actually against the law in which country?A.The UK.B.China.3.A golden lotus in ancient China refers to .A.the most beautiful lotus C.the shoe a beauty wears4.A test of cultural IQBackNextFocus 1 4Singapore also prohibits chew

29、ing gum,jay-walking(乱穿马路),and smoking in public places.C.Singapore.Note B.a bound foot 学学林出版社林出版社 19 Cross-cultural differences are often worth paying attention to.They include the dress code for appointments,the manner in which we introduce ourselves and greet others,expressing thanks to the hosts

30、as well as proper etiquette for the presentation of gifts,and corporate management.Translation美国管理 文化差异经常值得投以关注，包括约会着装规范、自我介绍和打招呼的方式、向主人表达感谢和送礼的礼节以及公司管理文化。5.American ManagementFocus 1 5 BackNext *code n.准则e.g.The new code of conduct lays down the ground rules for management-union relations.appointme

31、nt n.约会，预约e.g.Ive made an appointment for a facial next week.*express vt.表达，表示e.g.Learning to express oneself well is an important part of education.*presentation n.赠送；授予；陈述，介绍e.g.One of the mayors jobs is the presentation of prizes.学学林出版社林出版社 20BackNext The American and Japanese companies located i

32、n an industrial park decided to engage in a boat race.Both teams practiced hard and long to reach their peak performance.On the big day they felt ready.The Japanese won by a mile.Translation 位于工业园区的美国公司和日本公司决定来个划船比赛。两支队伍都很努力地训练，希望达到最佳水平。比赛的日子来了，两队都做好了准备。日本队以领先一英里的距离获胜。Focus 1 5 *industrial a.工业的，产业的

33、e.g.The industrial exposition will be held in September.engage in 参加，参与 e.g.Is it wise to engage in active sports at your age?*performance n.表现；表演 e.g.They criticized his performance as mayor.5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 21BackNext The American team was discouraged by the loss.Morale sank low.Cor

34、porate management decided that the reason for the crushing defeat had to be found,so a consulting firm was hired to investigate the problem and recommend corrective actions.Translation美国队失败了，感到很气馁。员工的士气大跌。公司管理层决定找出惨败的原因，于是聘请了一家咨询公司调查问题，找出对策。Focus 1 5 discourage vt.使气馁e.g.He is easily discouraged by

35、difficulties and obstacles.该词的反义词是encourage，两者都有discourage/encourage sb.to do sth.的结构。morale n.士气，斗志 e.g.A sincere compliment boosts ones morale.sink vi.下沉e.g.My feet sank into the mud.*defeat n.失败，击败e.g.He was depressed by his defeat.*consult vt.咨询，向请教e.g.You had better consult a doctor soon.consul

36、t with 表示“与商议”。e.g.On the subject of funds,you may consult with Mr.White.investigate vt.调查，研究e.g.The police are investigating the murder.*recommend vt.建议，推荐e.g.Can you recommend a good dictionary to me?你能为我推荐一本好词典吗？常 用 结 构：recommend that someone do something,recommend doing something 5.American Mana

37、gement学学林出版社林出版社 22BackNext The consultants finding:The Japanese team had eight people rowing and one person directing;the American team had one person rowing and eight people directing.Translation咨询专家的调查结果：日本队是八个人划船，一个人控制方向；美国队是一个人划船，八个人控制方向。Focus 1 5 row v.划船e.g.He rowed across the lake.*direct vt

38、.指挥e.g.He directed the building of the new bridge.5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 23BackNext After a year of study and millions spent analyzing the problem,the consulting firm concluded that too many people were directing and not enough were rowing on the American team.So as race day neared again th

39、e following year,the Americans team management structure was completely reorganized.The new structure:four directing managers,four area directing managers,and a new performance review system for the person rowing the boat.The next year,the Japanese won by TWO miles!Translation经过一年花费数以百万的调查研究，咨询公司得出结

40、论：美国队中，控制方向的人太多，划船的人太少。于是，随着第二年划船比赛的临近，美国队把队员管理结构作了彻底调整。新的分工如下：四名方向主管，四名区域主管，对划船的人有一个新的评估体系。第二年，日本队以领先两英里的距离获胜。Focus 1 5 analyze vt.分析，解析e.g.Lets analyze the problem and see what went wrong.*conclude vi.作结论；结束e.g.From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a chain smoker.*review n.评审；复习e.g

41、.The terms of the contract are under review.*system n.体系，系统e.g.Do you know how to log in to the system?5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 24BackNext Insulted,the American company laid off the rower for poor performance and gave the managers a bonus for discovering the problem.Translation美国公司感到很丢脸，于是辞退了

42、表现不好的划船手，而发给各位主管一笔奖金，因为他们发现了问题。Focus 1 5 insult vt.侮辱，羞辱e.g.She felt insulted by the low offer.bonus n.奖金；额外津贴；特别补助e.g.The workers are expecting a large Christmas bonus.5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 25()1.In the first race,the Japanese team was one mile behind the American team.()2.A consulting fi

43、rm was hired to look into the reason for the defeat and to give advice.()3.The finding of the investigation was that there were more management people in the Japanese team than in the American team.()4.The next year,the American team was further behind the Japanese team in the boat race.()5.The Amer

44、ican team discovered the problem but didnt solve the problem in a correct way.BackNextFocus 1 5A.Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F)according to the passage.FT FT T5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 261.take note of _2.and _ 3.take part in _4.look into _5.fire _BackNextFocus

45、1 5B.Find in the text the phrases which mean the following.pay attention toas well asengage ininvestigatelay off5.American Management学学林出版社林出版社 276.Writing an emailBackNextFocus 1 6 There is a big scare in the hotel.Everyone thinks swine flu has come to the hotel because four or five guests were cou

46、ghing in the lobby this afternoon.One guest heard them coughing and will not come out of her room.After an examination,the coughing guests were found to be in good health.They stayed out singing karaoke too late last night and smoked too many cigarettes.Write an email to the guest who thinks it is s

47、wine flu.Convince the guest it is safe to come out of her room.学学林出版社林出版社 28To:Ms.Unusually Scared From:Fuller Gondola Date:Wednesday 11 May 2009Subject:_Dear Ms.Scared,_ _ With warmest regards,Fuller GondolaBackNextFocus 1 6 In this very worrying time of global diseases,I can understand your fear o

48、f the swine flu,but please rest assured that the guests you heard coughing in the lobby have been checked by a doctor and found to be perfectly healthy.It turns out it is due to too much smoking,drinking,and singing karaoke last night that they had sore throats this morning.If you have any further c

49、oncerns,please dial 100 and ask for me by name.I will be happy to calm your fears.Health concerns6.Writing an email学学林出版社林出版社 297.Read me!BackNextFocus 1 7Read the following proverbs.A cracked bell can never sound well.A little pot is soon hot.Diamond cuts diamond.Dont put the cart before the horse.

50、In for a penny,in for a pound.Silence is golden.Speak of the devil and he will appear.Nobodys enemy but his own.学学林出版社林出版社 30Focus 2 contentBackNextL:Our little aunt L:Talking in a euphemistic wayS:Identifying euphemismsR:Cross-cultural advertising gaffesW:Writing a request letter R:Taboo foodS:Euph