英语专业--在《傲慢与偏见》中简·奥斯汀的婚姻观.doc

1、On Jane Austens View of Marriage through Pride and PrejudiceAbstract: The novel Pride and Prejudice which was written in 1813 is the masterpiece of the famous English novelist Jane Austen, and it is read widely all over the world. By describing several different marriages among young women of the mi

2、ddle class, the novel reveals that love is the foundation for a happy marriage, which should be based on a large amount of money. It is perfect for young women to enter marriage if they will get love and money at the same time. This is Austens original viewpoint and marital ideal.Marriage and love a

3、re eternal topics in our society. Among these works, Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is welcomed all over the world. In this novel, Jane Austen expresses her own opinions about this problem through the description of four couples marriage, that is: marriage should not be determined by pro

4、perty and family status. It is unwise to marry without money, but it is also wrong to marry for money. The marriage settled by love is happy and ideal. Her views on marriage have great realistic significance to the modern society. This paper sums up Jane Austens views on ideal marriage and its great

5、 realistic significance to the modern society from the analysis of four different types of marriage in the novelKeywords: Jane Austen, love, property, marital viewpoint, marital idealContent1. Introduction2. About Jane Austen3. Marriage in Austens time4. About Pride and Prejudice4.1 Introduction of

6、Pride and Prejudice4.2 The influences of Pride and Prejudice5. Analysis of Pride and Prejudice5.1 The marriages Based on Property or Appearances5.1.1 The marriage of William Collins and Charlotte Lucas5.1.2 The marriage of George Wickham and Lydia Bennet5.2 The marriage Based on Romantic Love and Un

7、derstanding 5.2.1The marriage of Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley and The marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy 6. Austens Views of Marriage and Her Ideal Marriage 7. Conclusion1.IntroductionLove is the perpetual theme of art, so that there are countless works about love and so many writ

8、ers are keen on love stories. They tried their best to create their own story, which can lead readers to get into different romantic world, to enjoy different feelings the characters bring to them. Jane Austen, an English female novelist, had six works published. In her books, love and marriage is t

9、he theme. Among all the works, Pride and Prejudice is the most outstanding representative, in which Austen described several different marriages of the middle class women. Since marriage is the topic of the book, Austen had revealed her original marital viewpoint in it. In her idea love is the found

10、ation of marriage, while property is the protection of happy marriage. She also described her marital ideal through her characters marriagethe romantic marriage of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy. So if readers can read the book attentively and thoroughly, they can understand Jane Austen much

11、 better.What is marriage? Since ancient times people are exploring, but none has been to find an answer, it should be said there is no single argument. Indeed, marriage has always been good or bad has a lot of subjective factors. Outsiders seems painful marriage the parties may feel extremely happy,

12、 let them, outsiders seem happy marriage, the parties may have made the suffering. Jane. Austin, in her Pride and Prejudice in the show give her marriage to demonstrate her views on marriage. Money and love in the achievements of both marital important one and should not care! However, compared to t

13、he achievements of marriage for love is more important on some!2.About Jane AustenJane Austen was born in the village of Steventon, Hampshire in 1775. She was the seventh of eight children. Her father, George, had been a Fellow of St. Johns College, Oxford and lately Rector of Steventon. Her mother,

14、 Cassandra, nee Leigh, came from an ancient family, linked to the Leighs of Stonehill. Jane and her sister, also Cassandra, were sent to school in Oxford and Southampton, before attending the Abbey School in Reading, and were encouraged to write from an early age. On her fathers retirement, in 1801,

15、 the family moved to Bath. Janes years at Bath were not happy. The family made acquaintances, but few friends. As was the custom, the sons of the family pursued careers (two of Janes brothers joined the Navy), while the daughters stayed at home, awaiting marriage and involving themselves with domest

16、ic affairs. A neighbour from their Hampshire days, Harris Bigg-Wither of Manydown Park (Wootton St. Lawrence) asked Jane to marry him in the winter of 1802. Though she initially accepted, a sleepless night saw the poor man turned down the following morning.Some time after the death of Janes father i

17、n 1805, the family left Bath to stay with Janes brother, Frank, who was stationed at the Naval Dockyard, in Southampton. Janes brother, Edward, had been formally adopted by a rich and childless relative, which led to his elevation as a country gentleman. He also owned Chawton House, Hampshire and in

18、 1809 offered a home to his mother and sisters on the estate there. The family settled happily and it was here that Jane was to enjoy the success of the publication of her first novel. Initially, the secret of their authorship was kept, the author being referred to only as a lady, but later, her pro

19、ud brother, Henry, let it be known and she became instantly famous.Her last completed novel, Persuasion, was not published until after her death. By the time of its completion, she was seriously ill and not expected to live. During the last few weeks of her life, she lived in College Street, Winches

20、ter, to be close to her physician. She died in Cassandras arms in Winchester at the age of 41（1817）. The family exercised the right, as members of a clergymans family, that she should be buried in Winchester Cathedral.(Goldwin Smith,2004)Today, the museum at Chawton is visited by Jane Austen admirer

21、s from across the Globe. There are many mementoes of her life on display.3. Marriage in Austens time In Jane Austens time, there was no real way for young woman of the “genteel” class to strike out their own or be independent. Professions, universities, polities, etc., were not open to woman. Few oc

22、cupations were available to them-and those few such as being a governess, i.e. a live -in teacher for the daughters or young children of a family, were not highly respected, and did not generally pay well or have very good working conditions. Jane Austen wrote in a letter about a governess hired bro

23、ther Edward: “By this time, I suppose she is hard at it, governing away- poor creature! I pity her. They are my nieces.”(Austen 204). And the patronizing Mrs. Elton in Emma is “astonished” that Emmas former governess should be “so very lady-like. quite the gentlewoman”, as opposed to being like a se

24、rvant in the general view.Therefore most “genteel” woman could not get money except by marrying for it or inheriting it. And since the eldest son generally inherited the bulk of an estate as the “heir”, a woman could be an “heiress “ only when she had no brothers, Besides, only a rather small number

25、 of woman could be called professionals, who through their own efforts earned an income sufficient to make themselves independent, or had a recognized career. Jane Austen herself was not really one of these few women professionals-during the last six years of her life she earned an average of a litt

26、le more than 100 pounds a year by her novel writing, but her familys expenses were four times amount, and she did not meet with other authors or move in literary circles. And unmarried women also bad to live with their families, or with family-approved protectors-it was almost unheard for a genteel

27、youngish and never-married female to live by herself, even if she happened to be an heiress. As Lady Catherine says in Pride and Prejudice:“Young woman should always be properly guarded and attended, according to their situation in life”. (Austen 165). Even Queen Victoria had to have her mother livi

28、ng with her in the place in the late 1830s before she married Albert though she and her mother actually were not even on specking terms during that period. Only in the relatively uncommon case of an orphan heiress who had already inherited, i.e. who had “come of age” and whose father and mother were

29、 both dead, could a young unmarried female set herself up as the head of a household, and even here she must hire a respectable older lady to be a “companion”. Hen a young woman left without the approval of family or the relatives or family-approved friends or school where she had been staying, her

30、act was always considered very grave-a symptom of a radical break, such as running away to marriage disapproved husband, or entering into an illicit relationship, as when Lydia leaves the Foresters to run away with Wickham in Pride and Prejudice. Therefore, a woman who did not marry could generally

31、only look forward to living with her relatives as a “dependent”, more or less like Jane Austens situation. So marriage was pretty much the only way of getting out from the under the parental roof- unless, of course, her family could not support her, in which case she could face the unpleasant necess

32、ity of going to live with employers as a “dependant” governess or teacher, or hired “ladys companion”. Some woman were wiling to marry just because marriage was the only allowed route to financial security, or to escape an uncongenial family situation.Marriage at that time was indeed a shortcut for

33、woman to extricate themselves from predicaments, but economic considerations should not be neglected because a marriage without financial security could only put woman into another difficult situation, in which they might suffer poverty again, and even disagreeable husbands as well.4.About Pride and

34、 Prejudice4.1 Introduction of Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice, published in 1813, is Jane Austens earliest work, its very popular and has been read widely all over the world for nearly two hundred years. Austen began writing the novel in 1796 at the age of twenty-one, under the title First Im

35、pression. The original version of the novel was in the form of the exchange of letters. By describing different marriages in Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen expressed her view that the different ways in which the young ladies treated their marriages reflect their attitudes towards love. It mainly d

36、elineates four marriages: Elizabeth- Darcy, Jane- Bingley, Charlotte- Collins and Lydia- Wickhame. The core plot is the love and marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy.Pride and Prejudice in describing a variety of marriage, Jane and Bingley, Darcy and Elizabeth, Wickham and Lydia, and Charlotte Colli

37、ns, pastor. Lucas . . Charlotte and Lydia on behalf of two extremes, the former only the pursuit of reliable storage room, the future will not be cold by the hunger: the latter is purely for sexual impulse, totally unmindful of the consequences.Charlotte has been through the marriage house, small ya

38、rd, furniture and other furnishings of a comfortable small home, but ironically, in her happy life after marriage but not the husbands status. As long as Collins forgotten, and the rest everything is harmonious and comfortable, Lydia was a little girl confused by the rhetoric of Wickham, Wickham Liv

39、ing as one with no thought of the future life would be no protection.Wickham Darcy through marriage to extort at least 10,000 a property. Their married life, the authors do not describe too much, so we can not imagine life without love What is the. Marriage is based on love, no love, a rare happy ma

40、rriage.In Pride and Prejudice, we can always see country squires leisu-rely life with calls, walks, picnics, conversations, parties, balls and marriages. And Austen filled her work with thoughts of marriage and her understanding of a successful marriage. She thought the marriage only for possession

41、and social status is senseless, but also foolish to ignore those elements. Therefore, she was against the fortune-oriented marriage and on the other hand, she also disapproved to take marriage as a playgame. She emphasized on the importance of an ideal marriage and considered love as the foundation

42、of an ideal marriageVivid reflection of the works of the 18 th century to the early nineteenth century in conservative and block state of the British town life and ways of the world. The society at that time if not only is picture novel attracted broad readers, the reality is, still give readers to

43、this day with unique art enjoyment. She was the first to describe reality daily in the ordinary life ordinary grace novelist, in the British novel history up connecting link between the preceding and the role. Austins novel although subjects, narrow story quite dull, but she is good at in daily ordi

44、nary things to create the vivid characters, whether Elizabeth image and darcy that the author thinks deserves affirmation characters, or WeiKeHan, Collins such was the object of sarcasm, write real moving. At the same time, Austin language is a temper, she in the dialogue on exquisite humor, irony a

45、rt, often in funny witty language foil characters characteristics. This kind of art innovation made her works have their own characteristics. Pride and prejudice is the magic words with the sublimation best. Feelings If say the dream of the red chamber is the east ladylike. pride and prejudice is th

46、e western and comely with the wind4.2The influences of Pride and PrejudiceEven today, some situations still exist in our modern society, such as the marital ideal is still the dream of a large amount of young women. Because the drive for a happy marriage is the perpetual pursuit of most people.In En

47、glan,an agency has been investigated in 2004,in the eyes of the modern British women, top 1 of “the dream man for dating” is Mr. Darcy of Pride and Prejudice. In 2005, BBC Radio4 has made a research too, which is about the literature works which had made great effect on females world view (especiall

48、y for the marital view). Pride and Prejudice is the top1.(Wu,2005) From these research we can say Pride and Prejudice have made great influences among people since it was published.5.Analysis of Pride and Prejudice5.1 The Marriages Based on Property or AppearancesIn Pride and Prejudice, Austen descr

49、ibed several marriages. From their different endings, we can find out Austens martial viewpoints and martial ideals.5.1.1The marriage of William Collins and Charlotte Lucasmarried. Her husband was the cousin of Elizabeth BennetWilliam Collins, whose character was “altogether a mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance and humility.”(Austen,2