文化差异对国际商务的影响.doc

1、内蒙古农业大学毕业生论文文化差异对国际贸易的影响伴随着贸易的发展,文化差异对贸易的影响也越发突显。这体现在语言、宗教、社会习惯、政治哲学、社会结构、教育等文化构成的各个层面。必须培养跨文化意识,加强跨文化商务交往能力,进行文化交流与展示,注重文化的融合和变迁,以此推动世界贸易的发展。写论文所陈述的内容国际贸易;文化差异;贸易扩展 The Impact of Cultural differences on International businessAbstract Follows the trade development, the cultural difference the influe

2、nce even more is also underlining to the trade. This manifests in cultural constitution and so on language, religion, social habit, political philosophy, social structure, education each stratification planes. Must raise the Trans-Culture consciousness, strengthens the Trans-Culture commerce contact

3、 ability, carries on the cultural exchange and the demonstration, pays great attention cultural the fusion and the vicissitude, by this impetus world trade development. 语法错误，看不懂， 重新弄。再简单的说明一下论文所陈述的内容 international trade; cultural differences; trade expansionContentsIntroduction.11 The cultural diffe

4、rences.2 1.1The mean？ of culture.22Cultural difference type？.2 2.1 Religious differences2 2.2 Social customs differences.2 2.3 Social structure differences.32.4 Educational differences3 2.5 Linguistic differences3 2.6 Political philosophy differences.33Cultural difference to international trade infl

5、uence？.4 3.1 Time concept.43.2 Communication process.53.3 Decides the way .73.4 Agreement form .73.5 Interpersonal relationship.7写的在具体点4How to deal with the cultural differences in international businesS. .7 4.1 Cultivate cross-cultural awareness.7 4.2 Cross-cultural business skills to master.8 4.3

6、policy-making focus on cultural integration.8 4.4 cultural exchange and display to master.8 4.5Attention in the international trade in cultural change.8不是跟你说过用一种形式吗Conclusion.10Ackonwledgements.11References.12IntroductionInternational business as a special form of interpersonal communication,will in

7、evitably involve in different geographies,nations and cultural exchanges and contacts,resulting in cross-cultural business .In cross- cultural business,people from different geographies,nations and culture have their own thinking,style and behaviors even thus affecting the whole business process.The

8、refore,when we engaged in business activities especially transnational business activities,we must understand and master the links between differences cultures？.In business ,the preparation and organization of more to understand the cultural differences affect to the negotiations,can face such a pos

9、itive influence to achieve the objectives.1 The cultural differences1.1The mean of culture definition of cultureCulture means the total body of tradition borne by a society and transmitted from generation。It thus refers to the norns values ,and standards by which people act, and it includes the ways

10、 distinctive in each society of ordering the world and rendering it intelligible.Culture is a set of meachanisms for survival,but it provides us also with a mean of reality. It is the matrix into which we are born ,it is the anvil upon which our persons and destinies are forged.2 types of Cultural d

11、ifference2.1 Religious differences Religion is a social phenomenon and social behavior, which includes the guiding ideology, organization, operations, culture and other aspects. Religion is a kind of community dominated by the cult of cognitive and cultural customs of the enlightenment, is a kind of

12、 social and historical phenomenon. Ever since become a group activity of human biological, into a social group since the religion is its role as a foster and strengthen the role of human society as an important social behavior and become a social necessity.Therefore, as the ideological dimensions of

13、 religion, also affect the operation of international trade. The worlds different countries, different regions and different ethnic groups have different religious beliefs. Therefore, attention should be paid in the international contacts of different religious beliefs, such as the multi-Japanese Sh

14、into belief, the Arab countries to accept more believe in Islam, the vast majority of the British Christian 2.2 Social customs differencesSocial practices, where gradually develop in the long term, the moment is not easy to change behavior, orientation or social practice. It will not only affect the

15、 consumers values, but also affect peoples work and way of thinking. With the continuous deepening of international trade, led to the development of multinational corporations. A mature multinational corporations must be an understanding of the target countrys culture, a focus on cultural difference

16、s between companies.看不懂Hilton Hotels is the world-famous hotel, attention to social customs difference is one reason for its success？. Hilton emphasizes that each hotel must have a personality for their region or country to market needs,？ to conduct a personalized decor and service. While encouragin

17、g chefs to use local raw materials to a meal with local flavor.?2.3 Social structure differencesThe social structure is the basic elements of a social system, the relationship between the organized.? The social structure with social stratification, and accompanied by the class hierarchy and caste hi

18、erarchy. ?Social structure greatly affect the operation of international trade and multinational companies target market positioning.?The Regent Group, depending on the target customers of different ages, to make an accurate market positioning, the hotel had a different interior design?. MAYFAIR New

19、 York-based hotel, its architectural style of the main attractions of a stronger sense of safety, conservative, traditional, old-age customers, and the Regent Hotel in New York will have a modern flavor to attract the young, and love of the business travelers .2.4 Educational differencesEducation as

20、 a branch of culture, by changing a countrys comparative advantage or marketing way affect the different countries and regions of the border. If a nations overall educational level and low level, its comparative advantage more inclined to the labor-intensive. ?However, if a countrys emphasis on educ

21、ation, civic education, a high level, then the countrys advanced technology, innovation ability, comparative advantage mainly for technology-intensive or capital-intensive. ?2.5 Linguistic differencesLanguage is unique to human beings used to express ideas, exchange of ideas, tools, is a special and

22、 universal social phenomenon. Language is culture?. Each language has its unique cultural connotations. In the economic globalization today, to carry out international trade activities, the exchanges between the different languages, conversion is essential. However, the existence of cultural differe

23、nces has led to communication between different languages, translation difficulties, thus affecting the international business contacts. General Motors Corp. advertising phrase: living in Belgium (BodyinBelgium) Franks phrase was translated as Fishermans body next to (CorpsebyFisher). A very creativ

24、e advertising because of language differences led to expand the market adversely. This shows that the language of international trade with great impact.2.6 Political philosophy differencesPolitics is the superstructure of the main areas of the various powers to safeguard their own interests to form

25、a specific behavior and the resulting specific relationship. In all aspects of political and social life have a great influence and role. International trade since it is among different countries and regions, and therefore must be subject to political influence and role of philosophy.In internationa

26、l trade, as countries have different national conditions, political factors are different for goods packaging materials, structures, patterns and text logo and others have different requirements. Such as the Arab countries to import goods packaging to disable hexagonal star pattern, because the hexa

27、gonal star with an Israeli flag in the pattern similar.3 the impact of cultural differences on international business3.1 Time concept American researchers value efficiency, like to see a job done quickly. Because the U.S. economy developed, life, working rhythm is fast, made americans keep time, res

28、pect for progress and term of the habit, so they asked for rapid clinch a deal. As much as possible in the negotiations they hope to reduce the ceremony to get down to business wide as soon as possible. The Japanese very patient, generally reluctant to show his intentions lead, but wait, their noses

29、. Talking business, delaying tactic is Japanese commonly used a weapon. They will force the other will gradually lose patience, once you know other have deadlines, negotiate more leisurely slowly talk3.2 Communication processSome local people use more direct or simple way of communication, some plac

30、es used more indirect or complex ways. Americans do not beat around the bush, flat and agile. Just because americans have this simply attitude, and American trade, to express their opinions to direct, yes and no must be clear. The Japanese very usually, they wouldnt be anything to say no. They think

31、 that direct refused to can make each other embarrassed, and even anger, is a great rude. Place in the same Japanese businessmen trade, tone, and will try to calm tactful, avoid by all means is false an ultimatum. In addition, dont put the Japanese courtesy of says mistaken for agree said. The Japan

32、ese in trade often will constantly nod and said: ha in! This appearance is often tell each other in their attention, and not say agree.3.3 Decides the way?In trade know each other to comment on who has the power, decision-making is how to make is very important. Culture is a way of influencing decis

33、ion-making is an important factor. The decision-making mode in general can be classified into two: top-down and bottom-up. In the United States, take top-down decision making, trade with the principal task all the power and decisions, such as energy can be completed trade. But in Japan, emphasizing

34、the common participation and group decision and all members consensus, bottom-up collective decision, so the Japanese makes a decision to spend a very long time.3.4 Agreement formCultural factors also influence the form of agreement has been reached between the parties. In general, americans tend to

35、 a very meticulous contracts and require it can explain all may happen after the results, it is because they think trading itself is contract, traders should be able to explain any factors change according to the contract, pay attention to how should do after the rigor and completeness of the contra

36、ct clause. But in Japan and China are more inclined to an overall change of contract, because they think trading itself is to establish a good relationship, if something unexpected situation appear, both sides should according to mutual relations than contract to solve. Therefore, sometimes if ameri

37、cans in trade for too many accidents on the table from other countries, traders would think he is out of the double partnership of distrust.3.5 Interpersonal relationshipThe western society based on market exchange and market competition as the main characteristics of the modern market economy, in t

38、his society, people are in pursuit of profit maximization, in this social formation in the interpersonal relationship is mainly benefit relationship, follow the rules, but business is business human relations are very indifference. Business to business and friendship, public or private share very cl

39、early. And the influence of Confucian culture, by the Oriental culture is more with human, the establishment of the social network in trading often plays a key role in between, people not main interest exchange as the foundation, pay more attention to the economic resources human relations, the so-c

40、alled business fails in righteousness. As the first Japanese I visit negotiate, should first, let the company in charge of high status visit each other, the person in charge of the equal status to cause each others attention, will benefit the next official transactions. 4How to deal with the cultura

41、l differences in international business4.1 Cultivate cross-cultural awarenessCross-cultural awareness is the business peoples understanding of cultural differences and respond appropriately to a business sense. In other words, reflecting the international trade are the values of local culture can no

42、t meet the standards of conduct for multinational development needs. International business operations in all aspects, such as international marketing, human resource management, incentives and so require a higher cross-cultural awareness. Therefore, persons engaged in international trade must have

43、a basic cross-cultural awareness. 4.2 Cross-cultural business skills to master Cross-cultural business dealings should have the ability to understanding the culture and organization, adaptability, ability to build relationships, systems, and multi-perspective thinking ability, attitude, sensitivity,

44、 language skills, cultural influence in decision-making, diplomatic capability and cross-cultural competence . These capabilities and the success of international trade is inextricably linked. However, these capabilities need to be honed in the business environment, practical experience and a lot of

45、 in-service training plays a big role. So for serving officers, it should strengthen the training of the relevant capacity; for business professionals in higher education, it should strengthen awareness of intercultural business communication training, while schools should provide courses and practi

46、cal opportunities. 4.3 The policy-making focus on cultural integration.? A multinational cross-border investment business often requires the integration of three cultures: the culture of their country, the target market countries, culture, corporate culture. Only focus on cultural integration in ord

47、er to adapt to the market depth, thus expanding the market. KFC early launch of the Mexican chicken roll in the product into the market soon after, KFC has introduced a blend of Chinese culture, old Beijing chicken roll, added the product of traditional Chinese fermented flour paste , onion and other ingredients, so impressive sales. Similarly, Motorola China investment strategy emphasizes the development o