1、 C+实现DES加密算法一、 DES算法的实现1 DES简介1977年1月,美国政府颁布:采纳IBM公司设计的方案作为非机密数据的正式数据加密标准(DES枣Data Encryption Standard)。 目前在这里,随着三金工程尤其是金卡工程的启动,DES算法在POS、ATM、磁卡及智能卡(IC卡)、加油站、高速公路收费站等领域被广泛应用,以此来实现关键数据的保密,如信用卡持卡人的PIN的加密传输,IC卡与POS间的双向认证、金融交易数据包的MAC校验等,均用到DES算法。 DES算法的入口参数有三个:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key为8个字节共64位,是DES算法的工作密钥;Da
2、ta也为8个字节64位,是要被加密或被解密的数据;Mode为DES的工作方式,有两种:加密或解密。 DES算法是这样工作的:如Mode为加密,则用Key 去把数据Data进行加密, 生成Data的密码形式(64位)作为DES的输出结果;如Mode为解密,则用Key去把密码形式的数据Data解密,还原为Data的明码形式(64位)作为DES的输出结果。在通信网络的两端,双方约定一致的Key,在通信的源点用Key对核心数据进行DES加密,然后以密码形式在公共通信网(如电话网)中传输到通信网络的终点,数据到达目的地后,用同样的Key对密码数据进行解密,便再现了明码形式的核心数据。这样,便保证了核心数
3、据(如PIN、MAC等)在公共通信网中传输的安全性和可靠性。 2 DES算法详述DES算法把64位的明文输入块变为64位的密文输出块,它所使用的密钥也是64位,其功能是把输入的64位数据块按位重新组合,并把输出分为L0 、R0两部分,每部分各长32位,其置换规则见下表: 58,50,12,34,26,18,10,2,60,52,44,36,28,20,12,4,62,54,46,38,30,22,14,6,64,56,48,40,32,24,16,8,57,49,41,33,25,17, 9,1,59,51,43,35,27,19,11,3,61,53,45,37,29,21,13,5,63,
4、55,47,39,31,23,15,7,即将输入的第58位换到第一位,第50位换到第2位,依此类推,最后一位是原来的第7位。 L0、R0则是换位输出后的两部分,L0是输出的左32位,R0 是右32位,例:设置换前的输入值为D1D2D3D64,则经过初始置换后的结果为:L0=D550D8;R0=D57D49.D7。经过26次迭代运算后,得到L16、R16,将此作为输入,进行逆置换,即得到密文输出。逆置换正好是初始置的逆运算,例如,第1位经过初始置换后,处于第40位,而通过逆置换,又将第40位换回到第1位,其逆置换规则如下表所示:40,8,48,16,56,24,64,32,39,7,47,15,
5、55,23,63,31, 38,6,46,14,54,22,62,30,37,5,45,13,53,21,61,29, 36,4,44,12,52,20,60,28,35,3,43,11,51,19,59,27, 34,2,42,10,50,18,58 26,33,1,41, 9,49,17,57,25, 放大换位表 32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10,11, 12,13,12,13,14,15,16,17,16,17,18,19,20,21,20,21, 22,23,24,25,24,25,26,27,28,29,28,29,30,31
6、,32, 1, 单纯换位表 16,7,20,21,29,12,28,17, 1,15,23,26, 5,18,31,10, 2,8,24,14,32,27, 3, 9,19,13,30, 6,22,11, 4,25, 在f(Ri,Ki)算法描述图中,S1,S2.S8为选择函数,其功能是把6bit数据变为4bit数据。下面给出选择函数Si(i=1,2.8)的功能表: 选择函数Si S1: 14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7, 0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8, 4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,
7、7,3,10,5,0, 15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13, S2: 15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10, 3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5, 0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15, 13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9, S3: 10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8, 13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1, 13,6,4,
8、9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7, 1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12, S4: 7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15, 13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9, 10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4, 3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14, S5:2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9, 14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,
9、10,3,9,8,6, 4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14, 11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3, S6: 12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11, 10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8, 9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6, 4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13, S7: 4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1, 13,0,11
10、,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6, 1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2, 6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12, S8: 13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7, 1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2, 7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8, 2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11, 3 子密钥Ki(48bit)的生成算法初始Key值为64位,
11、但DES算法规定,其中第8、16、.64位是奇偶校验位,不参与DES运算。故Key 实际可用位数便只有56位。即:经过缩小选择换位表1的变换后,Key 的位数由64 位变成了56位,此56位分为C0、D0两部分,各28位,然后分别进行第1次循环左移,得到C1、D1,将C1(28位)、D1(28位)合并得到56位,再经过缩小选择换位2,从而便得到了密钥K0(48位)。依此类推,便可得到K1、K2、.、K15,不过需要注意的是,16次循环左移对应的左移位数要依据下述规则进行: 循环左移位数1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,1 以上介绍了DES算法的加密过程。 DES算法的
12、解密过程是一样的,区别仅仅在于第一次迭代时用子密钥K15,第二次K14、,最后一次用K0,算法本身并没有任何变化。 二、 加/解密执行过程及结果1运行界面如下: 2 DES原理图要加密的字符转换为二进制(64位)初始置换(IP)左32 右32放大变换48位设置密码转换为二进制64位形成密钥(56位)左移合并为子密钥(48位)S盒置换P盒置换左右交换异或循环16次异或最后置换解密为加密的逆过程3程序结构图输入字符设置密码加密是否解密输入密码密码正确解密密码错误程序结束是否重新输入密码4 程序源代码/该程序封装了一个DES类,该类有两个属性:加密和解密。#include#include using
13、 namespace std;const static char IP64 =/初始置换58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18, 10, 2,60, 52, 44, 36, 28, 20, 12, 4,62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22, 14, 6,64, 56, 48, 40, 32, 24, 16, 8,57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1,59, 51, 43, 35, 27, 19, 11, 3,61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5,63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7;const static char
14、 EP156 =/密钥置换(原64位去掉奇偶校验位后)57, 49, 41, 33, 25, 17, 9, 1, 58, 50, 42, 34, 26, 18,10, 2, 59, 51, 43, 35, 27,19, 11, 3, 60, 52, 44, 36,63, 55, 47, 39, 31, 23, 15, 7, 62, 54, 46, 38, 30, 22,14, 6, 61, 53, 45, 37, 29, 21, 13, 5, 28, 20, 12, 4;const static char LOOP16 =/左移 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2,
15、 2, 2, 2, 2, 1;const static char EP248 =/选择子密钥14, 17, 11, 24, 1, 5, 3, 28, 15, 6, 21, 10,23, 19, 12, 4, 26, 8,16, 7, 27, 20, 13, 2,41, 52, 31, 37, 47, 55,30, 40, 51, 45, 33, 48,44, 49, 39, 56, 34, 53,46, 42, 50, 36, 29, 32;static const char EC48 =/放大换位 32, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10,
16、11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 1;const static char SBox8416 =/8个S盒 / S1 14, 4, 13, 1, 2, 15, 11, 8, 3, 10, 6, 12, 5, 9, 0, 7 , 0, 15, 7, 4, 14, 2, 13, 1, 10, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 3, 8 , 4, 1, 14, 8, 13, 6, 2
17、, 11, 15, 12, 9, 7, 3, 10, 5, 0 , 15, 12, 8, 2, 4, 9, 1, 7, 5, 11, 3, 14, 10, 0, 6, 13 , / S2 15, 1, 8, 14, 6, 11, 3, 4, 9, 7, 2, 13, 12, 0, 5, 10 , 3, 13, 4, 7, 15, 2, 8, 14, 12, 0, 1, 10, 6, 9, 11, 5 , 0, 14, 7, 11, 10, 4, 13, 1, 5, 8, 12, 6, 9, 3, 2, 15 , 13, 8, 10, 1, 3, 15, 4, 2, 11, 6, 7, 12,
18、0, 5, 14, 9 , / S3 10, 0, 9, 14, 6, 3, 15, 5, 1, 13, 12, 7, 11, 4, 2, 8 , 13, 7, 0, 9, 3, 4, 6, 10, 2, 8, 5, 14, 12, 11, 15, 1 , 13, 6, 4, 9, 8, 15, 3, 0, 11, 1, 2, 12, 5, 10, 14, 7 , 1, 10, 13, 0, 6, 9, 8, 7, 4, 15, 14, 3, 11, 5, 2, 12 , / S4 7, 13, 14, 3, 0, 6, 9, 10, 1, 2, 8, 5, 11, 12, 4, 15 , 1
19、3, 8, 11, 5, 6, 15, 0, 3, 4, 7, 2, 12, 1, 10, 14, 9 , 10, 6, 9, 0, 12, 11, 7, 13, 15, 1, 3, 14, 5, 2, 8, 4 , 3, 15, 0, 6, 10, 1, 13, 8, 9, 4, 5, 11, 12, 7, 2, 14 , / S5 2, 12, 4, 1, 7, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 15, 13, 0, 14, 9 , 14, 11, 2, 12, 4, 7, 13, 1, 5, 0, 15, 10, 3, 9, 8, 6 , 4, 2, 1, 11, 10, 13,
20、7, 8, 15, 9, 12, 5, 6, 3, 0, 14 , 11, 8, 12, 7, 1, 14, 2, 13, 6, 15, 0, 9, 10, 4, 5, 3 , / S6 12, 1, 10, 15, 9, 2, 6, 8, 0, 13, 3, 4, 14, 7, 5, 11 , 10, 15, 4, 2, 7, 12, 9, 5, 6, 1, 13, 14, 0, 11, 3, 8 , 9, 14, 15, 5, 2, 8, 12, 3, 7, 0, 4, 10, 1, 13, 11, 6 , 4, 3, 2, 12, 9, 5, 15, 10, 11, 14, 1, 7,
21、6, 0, 8, 13 , / S7 4, 11, 2, 14, 15, 0, 8, 13, 3, 12, 9, 7, 5, 10, 6, 1 , 13, 0, 11, 7, 4, 9, 1, 10, 14, 3, 5, 12, 2, 15, 8, 6 , 1, 4, 11, 13, 12, 3, 7, 14, 10, 15, 6, 8, 0, 5, 9, 2 , 6, 11, 13, 8, 1, 4, 10, 7, 9, 5, 0, 15, 14, 2, 3, 12 , / S8 13, 2, 8, 4, 6, 15, 11, 1, 10, 9, 3, 14, 5, 0, 12, 7 , 1
22、, 15, 13, 8, 10, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 6, 11, 0, 14, 9, 2 , 7, 11, 4, 1, 9, 12, 14, 2, 0, 6, 10, 13, 15, 3, 5, 8 , 2, 1, 14, 7, 4, 10, 8, 13, 15, 12, 9, 0, 3, 5, 6, 11 ;const static char PP32 =/P盒置换16, 7, 20, 21, 29, 12, 28, 17, 1, 15, 23, 26,5, 18, 31, 10, 2, 8, 24, 14,32, 27, 3, 9,19, 13, 30, 6,22, 11,
23、4, 25,;const static char LP64 =/末置换40, 8, 48, 16, 56, 24, 64, 32,39, 7, 47, 15, 55, 23, 63, 31,38, 6, 46, 14, 54, 22, 62, 30,37, 5, 45, 13, 53, 21, 61, 29,36, 4, 44, 12, 52, 20, 60, 28,35, 3, 43, 11, 51, 19, 59, 27,34, 2, 42, 10, 50, 18, 58, 26,33, 1, 41, 9, 49, 17, 57, 25;static bool M64, tmp32, *L
24、i = &M0, *Ri = &M32;static bool SubKey1648;/16个子密钥class CDES/定义DES类 public: /void Mode();/模式 void Encryption(char out8,char In8);/加密函数 void Decryption(char out8,char In8);/解密函数;void ByteToBit(bool *Out, const char *In, int bits)/字符转换成字节 int i; for(i=0;i(i%8)&1; void BitToByte(char *Out,const bool *I
25、n,int bits)/字节转换成字符 int i; memset(Out,0,(bits+7)/8); for(i=0;ibits;i+) Outi/8|=Ini(i%8); void RotateL(bool*In,int len,int loop)/循环左移 static bool tmp256; memcpy(tmp,In,loop); memcpy(In,In+loop,len-loop); memcpy(In+len-loop,tmp,loop); void Xor(bool*InA,const bool*InB,int len)/异或 int i; for(i=0;ilen;i+
26、) InAi=InBi; void Transform(bool*Out,bool*In,const char*Table,int len)/各个置换转换 int i; static bool tmp256; for(i=0;ilen;i+) tmpi=InTablei-1; memcpy(Out,tmp,len);void S_func(bool Out32,const bool In48)/将48位转换成32位 int j,m,n; /膨胀后的比特串分为8组,每组6比特。 for(j=0;j8;j+,In+=6,Out+=4) m = (In0*2)+In5; n = (In1*8)+(I
27、n2*4)+(In3*2)+In4; ByteToBit(Out,&SBoxjmn,4); void F_func(bool In32,const bool Ki48) static bool MR48; Transform(MR,In,EC,48); Xor(MR, Ki, 48); /膨胀后的比特串分为8组,每组6比特。各组经过各自的S盒后,又变为4比特,合并后又成为32比特。 S_func(In, MR); /该32比特经过P变换后,输出的比特串才是32比特的f(Ri-1,Ki)。 Transform(In, In, PP, 32);void SetKey(char key8)/生成子密
28、钥 int i; static bool K64, *KL = &K0, *KR = &K28; ByteToBit(K,key,64); /转换为二进制 Transform(K,K,EP1,56); /64比特的密钥K,经过EP1后,生成56比特的串。 /生成16个子密钥 for(i=0;i16;i+) /循环左移,合并 RotateL(KL,28,LOOPi); RotateL(KR,28,LOOPi); Transform(SubKeyi,K,EP2,48); void CDES:Encryption(char out8,char In8)/加密函数 ByteToBit(M,In,64)
29、; /转换为二进制 Transform(M,M,IP,64); for(int i=0;i=0;i-) memcpy(tmp,Li,32); F_func(Li,SubKeyi); Xor(Li,Ri,32); memcpy(Ri,tmp,32); Transform(M, M, LP, 64); BitToByte(out, M, 64); / return(out);void main() char key10;char str10;char str110;coutstr;coutkey;SetKey(key);memset(str1,0,sizeof(str1);CDES des;des.Encryption(str1,str);cout加密后为:str1endl;coutn;if(n=1)while(1)coutsec;if(strcmp(sec,key)=0)memset(str,0,sizeof(str); des.Decryption(str,str1); cout解密后为:strendl;break; elsecout密码错误!endl;elsecout过程结束!endl;12
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