上市公司信息披露存在的问题及对策-外文资料翻译.DOCX

1、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译题 目: The disclosure problems of the accounting information in the public company and countermeasure 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 签名： 2011年1月10日附件1：外文资料翻译译文上市公司会计信息披露问题及对策【摘要】上市公司也存在着：通过关联交易，人为调整利润；大量资金被企业股东侵占；企业风险没有得到有效揭示等等情况。本文拟通过对会计信息披露现状入手继而提出应对策略。近年来，国家在规范上市公司会计信息披露方面做了许多工作，上市公司

2、披露会计信息的行为开始逐步规范，但仍然存在一些问题。1.上市公司会计信息披露存在的问题1.1通过关联交易，人为调整利润关联交易的定价是由交易双方根据需要自由确定，特别是在我国评估与审计等中介机构作用尚未得以充分发挥的情况下，由此，关联交易能够达到在高税区和低税区之间转移收入和费用而进行合理避税、转移利润、取得公司控制权、形成市场垄断、分散或转移投资风险的目的。特别是关联人可能会滥用资本多数表决原则或所被赋予的公司控制权，使关联交易违背了公正的商业基本原则，导致关联方中的某一方整体利益受到损害，最终损害其他利益相关者的合法权益，例如上市公司利用不当关联交易转移资产、粉饰或操纵报表等行为，将会严重

3、广大中小投资者和债权的人的利益。从而提供了看似公平交易而实为被市场掩盖的非法手段和途径。1.2大量资金被企业股东侵占；企业风险没有得到有效揭示大股东侵占资金问题是中国证券市场的一个永恒的话题。由于公司股权结构不合理，监管机制不完善，导致控股股东一股独大，左右公司经营行为，上市公司成为大股东的提款机就不足为奇。甚至一些大股东长期占用公司巨额资金，有些甚至已影响到上市公司的正常经营。由于大股东占款的手段和方式错综复杂,且在信息披露上遮遮掩掩,实际占款规模可能在千亿元左右。而十多年来,上市公司通过证券市场总融资额也不过10000 亿元,这就意味着,有近十分之一的资金因此“流失”,大股东占款成了中国证

4、券市场最大的“出血口”。同时，多数公司对大股东所占用的资金没有提取足额的坏账准备，风险很大。1.3会计信息披露不够全面在我国经济快速发展的今天，我国经济国际化、市场全球化的特征日益凸显，上市公司的利益相关者如投资者、债权人、经营者、政府相关部门也分别从企业投资水平、风险程度、经营方针、发展方向、项目性质、发展前景等多个方面和角度进行综合评价。并且在筹资、投资和生产经营决策各个环节当中将更多地依赖于公开披露的会计信息。理论上，上市公司应披露所有可能引起证券价格变动的信息资料，其中既包括财务信息，也包括非财务信息；但实际情况并非如此，一些上市公司隐瞒部分事实，虚假披露信息，误导投资者。具体地说，：

5、一是财务状况信息披露不充分，上市公司可以借口“商业机密”而不能披露或不能全面披露，从而出现例如债务存续时间、存货的核算方式方法及变现能力等披露不全面，而威胁利益相关人使用信息的准确性。二是选用的会计政策、会计方法披露不充分；其结果不仅使同一上市公司不同会计期间的会计信息缺乏可比性，而且使不同上市公司之间的会计信息缺乏可比性，此外，一些上市公司借此手段来调节利润。2.完善会计信息披露的策略在此所提到的资本市场会计信息披露过程中的上述问题仅仅是冰山一角。而这些问题将严重影响并制约着我国资本市场的健康发展。但如何制定出一套公平、公正的披露体系，是每一个会计学人都在做的一项课题，本文拟从以下方面提出建

6、设性建议，以供制定者参考。2.1加强上市公司内部监督上市公司的内部会计监督制度是以国家法规和制度为保证，用一套科学的管理手段和独立的核算形式，能够渗透于企业各个方位的管理控制工具。具体的控制方法包括以下几个方面：记账人员与经济业务事项和会计事项的审批人员、经办人员、财务保管人员的职责权限应当明确，并相互分离、相互制约。重大对外投资、资产处置、资金调度和其他重要经济业务事项的决策和执行的相互监督、相互制约程序应当明确。财产清查的范围、期限和组织程序应当明确。对会计资料定期进行内部审计的办法和程序应当明确。单位负责人应当保证会计机构、会计人员依法履行职责，不得授意、指使、强令会计机构、会计人员违法

7、办理会计事项。会计机构、会计人员对违反会计法和国家统一的会计制度规定的会计事项，有权拒绝办理或者按照职权予以纠正。2.2加强证券中介服务机构的审计监督中介服务机构作为证券市场的第一看门人，地位非常重要。没有好的中介机构，就没有好的监管者，就不能很好地做到事前预防。因此，应从以下(个方面加强中介机构的审计监督作用：一是明确财政部、证监会、中介机构、交易所和上市公司等机构之间的关系，划分各自的职责范围，并以法规形式确定下来，这样将使对上市公司会计信息披露的监管做到各司其职、井然有序。二是改革会计师事务所和律师事务所接受业务委托的方式及报酬支付方式，以此解决上市公司的双重身份问题。三是加大审计队伍的

8、自身素质建设力度，通过注册会计师考试为审计行业选拔优秀人才，鼓励非执业会员从事审计工作。同时，对执业者进行有效的后续教育，使他们能掌握新知识，解决新问题。(充分发挥证券交易所实时监督功能证券交易所是提供证券集中竞价交易的场所，是证券市场上的一线组织者和监管者。因此，证券交易所要奉行“安全第一”的原则，认真履行好服务和监管的双重职责，致力于维护交易的公正性和信息披露的规范化。2.3 强化证监会的统筹监督地位证监会作为证券市场的主管部门，应统筹掌握整个行业的发展，加强证券市场监督管理的规章、规则的制定。证券法和会计法相继出台之后，证监会应加强相关配套法规的完善工作，目前已经出台了股票发行审核办法、

9、股票配售方法、兼并收购条例、上市公司管理条例、募股资金管理办法等。今后随着市场的不断发展，还应不断制定新的相关法规，以规范市场建设和保护证券市场投资者的权益。只有从法律方面保障了投资者利益不受违规行为的损害，方可从根本上保证投资者队伍的稳定，保证资本市场的长治久安。2.4 加大监管机构对上市公司会计信息披露违规处罚的力度近年来的实证研究结果表明，违规处罚的力度与上市公司的违规成本呈正相关关系，加大对上市公司会计信息披露违规处罚的力度，可以增加上市公司的违规成本，在一定程度上可以遏制上市公司违规行为。因此，证券监管机构应加大对上市公司会计信息披露的违规处罚力度。对造假行为的指使者和操纵者应追究其

10、民事赔偿责任，情节严重者，应追究刑事责任。对参与造假的事务所及相关注册会计师应加大民事赔偿的处罚力度，并辅以吊销其执业资格，情节劣者，应追究刑事责任，同时应追究事务所主要负责人的法律责任。附件2：外文原文The disclosure problems of the accounting information in thepublic company and countermeasureJianfei Li. The disclosure problems of the accounting information in the public company and countermeasur

11、e J.Chinas Foreign Trade, 2010(16):162Abstract : This article trys to puts forward the proposed strategy through the disclosure status of the accounting information.In recent years, the state accounting information disclosure of listed companies have done a lot of work, accounting information disclo

12、sure of listed companies began to gradually regulate the behavior, but there are still some problems.1. Public Company Accounting information disclosure problems.1.1 Through related party transactions, man-profit association of pricing adjustment is necessary parties to the transaction are free to d

13、etermine, especially in the evaluation and audit of the role of intermediaries has not been the case fully, thus, related party transactions can be achieved in the high tax area between the transfer and the low tax jurisdictions to make reasonable revenue and cost of tax avoidance, the transfer of p

14、rofits, companies get control of a market monopoly, dispersed or transfer of investment risk purposes. Particularly associated with who might abuse the principle of majority voting or the capital to be given control of the company, so related commercial transactions contrary to the basic principles

15、of justice, resulting in the overall interests of a party Fang associated damage, ultimately damaging the other stakeholders legal rights, such as improper related party transactions by listed company transfer of assets, cosmetic or manipulative statements and other acts, it will seriously wide Dazh

16、ong Xiao investors and creditors of the persons interests. Thus providing a seemingly fair trade and the market is indeed illegal means and ways to cover up.1.2 Occupy a lot of money by corporate shareholders; business risk is not effectively reveal the. Occupation of funding is the major shareholde

17、r of Chinas securities market an eternal topic. Because of its ownership structure is unreasonable, the regulatory mechanisms are inadequate, leading to the controlling shareholder dominance, about company behavior, as major shareholders of listed companies is not surprising that ATM. Even some larg

18、e shareholders long-term occupation of the company. Huge amounts of money, and some even have affected the normal operation of listed companies. As Big Shareholders complicated means and methods and concealment in the information disclosed on the actual size may account for money for thousands of yu

19、an. And more than a decade, a listed company by stock market total amount of the financing, but also one trillion yuan, which means that nearly one tenth of the money so lost, Big Shareholders Chinese stock market has become the biggest mouth bleeding . At the same time, the majority shareholder of

20、the companys funds did not extract the full occupation of bad debts and risky. 1.3 The disclosure of accounting information is not comprehensive enough. Rapid economic development in China today, Chinas economic internationalization and globalization of markets has become increasingly prominent feat

21、ures of the listed company stakeholders such as investors, creditors, managers, relevant government departments were also from the enterprise level of investment, risk, management policy, direction, project properties, and other aspects of the development and future perspective of a comprehensive ev

22、aluation. And in the financing, investment and all aspects of production and management decisions which will be more dependent on public disclosure of accounting information. Theoretically, the listed company should disclose all potential information security price changes, including both financial

23、information, including non-financial information; it is not the case, some hide the fact that some listed companies, disclosure of false and misleading investors. Specifically,: First, insufficient financial disclosure, listed companies can excuse of commercial confidentiality and can not be disclos

24、ed or not fully disclosed to the survival time appeared such as debt, inventory accounting and liquidity, and other ways not fully disclosed, The threat of the use of information stakeholders accuracy. Second, the selection of accounting policies, accounting disclosure is not sufficient; the results

25、 of listed companies not only to the same accounting period different from the lack of comparability of accounting information, but also between different accounting information of listed companies lack of comparability, in addition, a number of listed companies by This means to adjust the profits.

26、2. Improve the disclosure of accounting policies. Mentioned in the capital markets process accounting information in the above problem is just the tip of the iceberg. These issues will be seriously affected and restricted the healthy development of capital markets. But how to develop a fair and impa

27、rtial disclosure system is an accounting of each person doing a task, this paper put forward the following constructive suggestions for makers reference. 2.1 Listed companies strengthen internal supervision Listed companys internal accounting system is based on state regulations and oversight system

28、 to ensure that, with a set of scientific management and independent accounting of the form, can penetrate all directions in the enterprise management and control tools. Specific control methods include the following: accounting personnel and accounting matters of economic and business transactions

29、and approval of staff, handling personnel, financial care personnel shall be clearly defined and separated from each other constraints. Significant foreign investment, asset disposal, capital allocation and other important economic and business matters of mutual decision-making and implementation su

30、pervision, mutual restraint procedures should be clear. Property inventory of the scope, duration and organizational procedures should be clear. Of accounting information for regular internal auditing methods and procedures should be clear. Owner to be assured Accounting bodies, accounting fulfillin

31、g their duties, not incite, instigate or forcibly order accounting office and accounting personnel to handle accounting matters law. Accounting offices and accounting personnel in violation of the Accounting Law and the provisions of the national unified accounting system of accounting matters, the

32、right to refuse to handle it or in accordance with the terms of reference be corrected. 2.2The securities intermediary services organizations to strengthen auditing and supervision. Securities intermediary service institutions as the first gatekeeper, the status is very important. Without a good age

33、ncy, there is no good regulators, we can not do very well in advance prevention. Therefore, from the following (a strengthening of the role of audit and supervision of intermediaries: First, clear the Ministry of Finance, Securities and Futures Commission, intermediaries, listed companies, exchanges

34、 and relations between institutions, by their own terms of reference, and to determine the form of laws and regulations down, this will make accounting information disclosure of listed companies fulfill their duties of supervision, in order. Second, the reform of accounting firms and law firms to ac

35、cept the way the business commissioned and paid methods of payment, in order to resolve a listed company dual identity. Third, increase the quality of the audit teams self-construction, through the CPA exam the selection of talents for the audit industry, to encourage non-practicing members in the a

36、udit work. the same time, practitioners of effective follow-education so that they can grasp new knowledge, solve new problems. (give full play to stock exchange is to provide real-time stock monitoring function focused on the place auction is the first line of the stock market organizers and regula

37、tors. Therefore, the stock exchanges to adhere to the safety first principle, recognize Really good service and supervision to fulfill the dual responsibility to preserve the impartiality of transactions and disclosure of standardization. 2.3 Strengthen the overall supervision of the SFC status SFC

38、as the stock market authorities, should plan to master the entire industry, to strengthen supervision and management of securities market regulations, rules. Securities Law and Accounting Law have been introduced after the Commission should strengthen the supporting regulations, improve the work has

39、 now been introduced in the stock issuance examination methods, placement methods, mergers and acquisitions regulations, listed regulations, offering financial management approach and so on. As the market continues to develop in the future, should continue to develop new regulations to regulate the

40、securities market development and protection of the interests of investors. Only from the legal protection of the interests of investors from violations of the damage, only teams from the fundamental guarantee for the stability of investors to ensure the long-term stability of capital markets. 2.4 I

41、ncrease the regulatory accounting information disclosure of listed companies violation of the punishment Recent empirical results indicate that violations of the punishment of violations of listed companies showed a positive correlation between costs and increase information disclosure of listed com

42、panys accounting irregularities of the punishment, can increase the cost of non-compliance of listed companies in the market to some extent to curb the Company irregularities. Therefore, the securities regulatory authorities should increase the disclosure of accounting information of listed companie

43、s illegal punishment. Instigation of acts of fraud and manipulator should be held accountable for their civil liability, the circumstances are serious, shall be held criminally responsible. Involved in fraud and related CPA firms should increase the penalties for civil compensation, supplemented disqualified for practice, plot Liezhe, should be held criminally responsible, but held firm to be responsible for the liability. . .此处忽略！