牛头刨床机构方案分析毕业设计.doc

1、东北大学机械原理课程设计牛头刨床机构方案分析机械原理课程设计说明书题目：牛头刨床机构方案分析 2009 年 11 月 5 日目录一、机构简图和已知条件- 2 -二、滑枕初始位置及行程 H 的确定方法- 2 -三、杆组的拆分方法及所调用的杆组子程序中虚参与实参对照- 2 -四、程序中主要标识符说明：- 5 -五、飞轮转动惯量的计算方法：- 5 -六、自编程序及运行结果- 5 -1)运动分析- 5 -2）静力分析- 11 -3）飞轮转动惯量：- 19 -七、综合比较方案a和方案b- 24 -八、主要收获和建议：- 25 -收获：- 25 -建议：- 25 -九、主要参考文献：- 25 -一、机构简

2、图和已知条件（图a,b）所示为两种牛头刨床主机构的运动简图，已知，l1=0.1m,l0=0.4m,l3=0.75m,l4=0.15m,ly=0.738m,l3=0.375m,a=0.05m,b=0.15,c=0.4m,d=0.1m。只计构件3、5的质量，其余略去不计，m3=30kg,Js3=0.7kgm2,m5=95kg。工艺阻力Q如图所示，Q=9000N。主轴1的转速为60r/min(顺时针方向)，许用运转不均匀系数=0.03。二、滑枕初始位置及行程 H 的确定方法滑枕初始位置为主动件在机架左侧垂直3构件时对应的位置，此时滑枕达到左极限位置；滑枕行程H的确定方法由运动分析的结果读出。方案a滑

3、枕5的左极限为-0.337，右极限为0.038，所以行程H为0.375；方案b滑枕5的左极限为-0.187，右极限为0.187，所以行程H为0.374。三、杆组的拆分方法及所调用的杆组子程序中虚参与实参对照方案a：拆分杆组：杆组子程序中虚参与实参对照表：1)调用bark函数求2点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值1201r120.00.0twepvpap2）调用rprk函数求构件3的运动参数。形式参数mn1n2k1k2r1r2vr2ar2twepvpap实 值132320.0&r2&vr2&ar2twepvpap3)调用bark函数求4点的运动参数。形式参数

4、n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值30430.0r340.0twepvpap4)调用rrpk函数求5点的位置和5构件的运动参数。形式参数mn1n2n3k1k2k3r1r2vr2ar2twepvpap实 值-1465456r45&r2&vr2&ar2twepvpap5)调用bark函数求构件3的质心9点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值30930.0r34/20.0twepvpap6)调用bark函数求构件5的8点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值50850.0r58-161.56*drTwepvpap7)调

5、用bark函数求构件5的工艺阻力7点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamTwepvpap实 值50750.0r57165.96*drTwepvpap8) 调用rrpf函数求5点的反作用力。形式参数n1n2n3ns1ns2nn1nn2nexfk1k2pvpaptwefr实值41050807745pvpaptwefr9) 调用rprf函数求2点的反作用力。形式参数n1n2ns1ns2nn1nn2nexfk1k2pvpaptwefrfkpk实值329040032pvpaptwefrfkpk10）调用barf函数求1点的反作用力。形式参数n1ns1nn1k1papefrtb实 值1021p

6、apefr&tb方案b：拆分杆组：杆组子程序中虚参与实参对照表：1)调用bark函数求2点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值1201r120.00.0twepvpap2）调用rprk函数求构件3的运动参数。形式参数mn1n2k1k2r1r2vr2ar2twepvpap实 值132320.0&r2&vr2&ar2twepvpap3)调用bark函数求4点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值30430.0r340.0twepvpap4)调用rppk函数求5点的位置和5构件的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3n4k1k2k3r1gam

7、1gam2r2vr2ar2r3vr3ar3实 值46454560.00.0pi/2&r2&vr2&ar2&r3&vr3&ar3形式参数twepvpap实 值twepvpap5)调用bark函数求构件3的质心9点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值30930.0r34/20.0twepvpap6)调用bark函数求构件5的8点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamtwepvpap实 值50850.0r58-161.56*drTwepvpap7)调用bark函数求构件5的工艺阻力7点的运动参数。形式参数n1n2n3kr1r2gamTwepvpap实 值5

8、0750.0r57165.96*drTwepvpap8) 调用rppf函数求5点的反作用力。形式参数n1n2n3n4ns1ns2nn1nn2nextk1k2k3pvp实值464508077456pvp形式参数aptwefrfkpk实值aptwefrfkpk9) 调用rprf函数求2点的反作用力。形式参数n1n2ns1ns2nn1nn2nexfk1k2pvpaptwefrfkpk实值329040032pvpaptwefrfkpk10）调用barf函数求1点的反作用力。形式参数n1ns1nn1k1papefrtb实 值1021papefr&tb四、程序中主要标识符说明： n:关键点，k:构件号，r

9、：距离，gam：关键点位置角度，m：装配模式，ns：质心，nn：外力作用点，fr：运动副反力，bt：反力方向fk：内移动副反力，pk：内移动副反力作用点，fe：工艺阻力，tb：平衡力矩，extf（）：工艺阻力函数，nexf：工艺阻力作用点，dr：度转化弧度，sm:质量，sj:转动惯量，Td：驱动力矩，Tr：阻力矩，E：盈亏功,b:不均匀系数，Jf：飞轮转动惯量五、飞轮转动惯量的计算方法：（1）一周期内驱动力矩功等于阻力功，所以有：t*Td=1/2*(Tro+Tr1)+1/2*(Tr1+Tr2)+1/2*(Trn-1+Trn)因为Trn= Tro，所以由上式可得：Td=/tTri=1/nTri（

10、2）间隔i-1、i内的盈亏功变化量：=Td-1/2*(Tri+Tri-1)（3）计算各点的盈亏功i:i=i-1+（4）找出最大和最小盈亏功：max,min（5）计算飞轮转动惯量Jf：Jf=（max-min）/W六、自编程序及运行结果1)运动分析方案a程序：#include graphics.h #include subk.c #include draw.c main()static double p202,vp202,ap202,del;static double t10,w10,e10,pdraw370,vpdraw370,apdraw370;static int ic; double r1

11、2,r45,r34;double r2,vr2,ar2;double pi,dr;int i;FILE *fp; char *m=p,vp,ap;r12=0.1;r45=0.15; r34=0.75; pi=4.0*atan(1.0); w1=-2*pi; t6=0.0; w6=0.0; e6=0.0; e1=0.0; del=15.0; p31=0.0;p32=-0.4;p11=0.0;p12=0.0;p61=0.0;p62=0.338; dr=pi/180.0; t6=0.0*dr; printf( n TheKinematic Parametersof Point 5n);printf(

12、No THETA1 S5 V5 A5n);printf( deg m m/s m/s/sn); if(fp=fopen(file1,w)=NULL)printf( Cant open this file.n);exit(0); fprintf(fp, n The Kinematic Parameters of Point 5n);fprintf(fp,No THETA1 S5 V5 A5n);fprintf(fp,deg m m/s m/s/s); ic=(int)(360.0/del);for(i=0;i=ic;i+) t1=(double)(270*dr-acos(0.1/0.4)-(i)

13、*del*dr); bark(1,2,0,1,r12,0.0,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rprk(1,3,2,3,2,0.0,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(3,0,4,3,0.0,r34,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rrpk(-1,4,6,5,4,5,6,r45,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); printf(n%2d %12.3f%12.3f%12.3f%12.3f,i+1,t1/dr,p51,vp51,ap51); fprintf(fp,n%2d%12.3f%12.3f%12.3f%12.3f,i+

14、1,t1/dr,p51,vp51,ap51); pdrawi=p51; vpdrawi=vp51; apdrawi=ap51; if(i%16)=0) getch(); fclose(fp); getch(); draw1(del,pdraw,vpdraw,apdraw,ic,m) ; 运行结果： The Kinematic Parameters of Point 5No THETA1 S5 V5 A5deg m m/s m/s/s 1 194.478 -0.337 0.000 7.251 2 179.478 -0.331 0.273 5.878 3 164.478 -0.315 0.492

15、4.688 4 149.478 -0.291 0.665 3.611 5 134.478 -0.260 0.794 2.593 6 119.478 -0.225 0.882 1.623 7 104.478 -0.187 0.930 0.715 8 89.478 -0.148 0.942 -0.123 9 74.478 -0.109 0.921 -0.90310 59.478 -0.072 0.867 -1.66811 44.478 -0.037 0.781 -2.49512 29.478 -0.007 0.657 -3.47013 14.478 0.017 0.489 -4.67114 -0.

16、522 0.033 0.265 -6.10815 -15.522 0.038 -0.022 -7.66016 -30.522 0.030 -0.371 -9.00017 -45.522 0.006 -0.762 -9.57818 -60.522 -0.033 -1.148 -8.64619 -75.522 -0.088 -1.450 -5.45920 -90.522 -0.152 -1.571 -0.05421 -105.522 -0.216 -1.450 5.69922 -120.522 -0.270 -1.128 9.21023 -135.522 -0.308 -0.723 9.82024

17、 -150.522 -0.330 -0.333 8.74625 -165.522 -0.337 0.000 7.251 方案a滑枕的位移、速度和加速度线图：注：说明书中的各种线图都是按步长为1.0时运行的。方案b程序：#include graphics.h #include subk.c #include draw.c main()static double p202,vp202,ap202,del;static double t10,w10,e10,pdraw370,vpdraw370,apdraw370;static int ic; double r12,r34;double r2,vr2

18、,ar2,r3,vr3,ar3;double pi,dr;int i;FILE *fp; char *m=p,vp,ap;r12=0.1; r34=0.75; pi=4.0*atan(1.0); w1=-2*pi; t6=0.0; w6=0.0; e6=0.0; e1=0.0; del=15.0; p31=0.0;p32=-0.4;p11=0.0;p12=0.0;p61=0.0;p62=0.338; dr=pi/180.0; t6=0.0*dr; printf( n TheKinematic Parametersof Point 5n);printf(No THETA1 S5 V5 A5n);

19、printf( deg m m/s m/s/sn); if(fp=fopen(file1,w)=NULL)printf( Cant open this file.n);exit(0); fprintf(fp, n The Kinematic Parameters of Point 5n);fprintf(fp,No THETA1 S5 V5 A5n);fprintf(fp,deg m m/s m/s/s); ic=(int)(360.0/del);for(i=0;i=ic;i+) t1=(double)(270*dr-acos(0.1/0.4)-(i)*del*dr); bark(1,2,0,

20、1,r12,0.0,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rprk(1,3,2,3,2,0.0,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(3, 0 , 4,3, 0.0, r34,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rppk(4,6,4,5,4,5,6,0.0,0.0,pi/2,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,&r3,&vr3,&ar3,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); printf(n%2d %12.3f%12.3f%12.3f%12.3f,i+1,t1/dr,p51,vp51,ap51); fprintf(fp,n%2d%12.3f%12.3f%12.3f%12

21、.3f,i+1,t1/dr,p51,vp51,ap51); pdrawi=p51; vpdrawi=vp51; apdrawi=ap51; if(i%16)=0) getch(); fclose(fp); getch(); draw1(del,pdraw,vpdraw,apdraw,ic,m); 运行结果： The Kinematic Parameters of Point 5No THETA1 S5 V5 A5deg m m/s m/s/s 1 194.478 -0.188 0.000 7.402 2 179.478 -0.182 0.278 5.940 3 164.478 -0.165 0

22、.497 4.634 4 149.478 -0.141 0.666 3.503 5 134.478 -0.110 0.791 2.513 6 119.478 -0.075 0.877 1.619 7 104.478 -0.038 0.927 0.782 8 89.478 0.001 0.942 -0.028 9 74.478 0.040 0.924 -0.83910 59.478 0.078 0.872 -1.67911 44.478 0.113 0.784 -2.57812 29.478 0.143 0.656 -3.57713 14.478 0.167 0.484 -4.71914 -0.

23、522 0.182 0.260 -6.03715 -15.522 0.187 -0.022 -7.50716 -30.522 0.180 -0.365 -8.92317 -45.522 0.156 -0.757 -9.71418 -60.522 0.117 -1.151 -8.85619 -75.522 0.062 -1.458 -5.40320 -90.522 -0.002 -1.571 0.21021 -105.522 -0.066 -1.442 5.73122 -120.522 -0.120 -1.126 8.99323 -135.522 -0.159 -0.729 9.69824 -1

24、50.522 -0.181 -0.339 8.83525 -165.522 -0.187 0.000 7.402 方案b滑枕的位移、速度和加速度线图：方案a和方案b的运动比较，由运行结果和运动线图知：方案a和方案b运动的情况相似，但方案a去时的速度的速度不均匀系数=1.501，回时的速度不均匀系数=1.7448；方案b去时的速度不均匀系数=1.507，回时的速度不均匀系数=1.745。方案a去时的平均速度大于方案b去时的平均速度，回来时的方案a的平均速度小于方案b的平均速度。2）静力分析方案a程序：#includegraphics.h #include subk.c #include subf

25、.c #include draw.c main()static double p202,vp202,ap202,del;static double t10,w10,e10,tbdraw370,tb1draw370;static double sita1370,fr1draw370,sita2370,fr2draw370,sita3370,fr3draw370;static double fr202,fe202,fk202,pk202,tb,tb1,fr1,bt1,fr3,bt3,we1,we2,we3,we4,we5;static int ic;double r12,r34,r45,r58,r

26、57;double pi,dr;double r2,vr2,ar2;int i;FILE *fp;char *m=tb,tb1,fr1,fr2; sm3=30.0; sm5=95.0; sj3=0.7; sj5=0.0;r12=0.1;r34=0.75; r45=0.15;r58=sqrt(0.05*0.05+0.15*0.15); r57=sqrt(0.10*0.10+0.40*0.40); pi=4.0*atan(1.0); dr=pi/180.0; t6=0.0; w6=0.0; e6=0.0;w1=-2*pi; e1=0.0; del=15.0; p31=0.0;p32=-0.4;p1

27、1=0.0;p12=0.0;p61=0.0;p62=0.338; printf(n The Kineto-static Analysis of a Six-bar Linkasen);printf( NO THETA1 fr1 sita1 fr3 sita3 tb tb1n); printf( deg N radian N radian N.m N.m);if(fp=fopen(file,w)=NULL)printf(Cant open this file.n); exit(0);fprintf(fp,n The Kineto-static Analysis of a Six-bar Link

28、asen);fprintf(fp, NO THETA1 fr1 dita1 fr3 sita3 tb tb1n);fprintf(fp, deg N radian N radian N.m N.mn); ic=(int)(360.0/del);for(i=0;i=ic;i+) t1=(double)(270*dr-acos(0.1/0.4)-(i)*del*dr); bark(1,2,0,1,r12,0.0,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rprk(1,3,2,3,2,0.0,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(3,0,4,3,0.0,r34,0.0,

29、t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rrpk(-1,4,6,5,4,5,6,r45,&r2,&vr2,&ar2,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(3,0,9,3,0.0,r34/2,0.0,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(5,0,8,5,0.0,r58,-161.56*dr,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); bark(5,0,7,5,0.0,r57,165.96*dr,t,w,e,p,vp,ap); rrpf(4,10,5,0,8,0,7,7,4,5,p,vp,ap,t,w,e,fr); rprf(3,2,9,0,4,0,0,3,2,p,vp,ap,t,w,e,fr,fk,pk);

30、 barf(1,0,2,1,p,ap,e,fr,&tb); fr1=sqrt(fr11*fr11+fr12*fr12); bt1=atan2(fr12,fr11); fr3=sqrt(fr31*fr31+fr32*fr32); bt3=atan2(fr32,fr31); we1=0.0; we2=0.0;we3=-(ap91*vp91+(ap92+9.81)*vp92)*sm3-e3*w3*sj3; we4=0.0; extf(p,vp,ap,t,w,e,7,fe); we5=-ap81*vp81*sm5-e5*w5*sj5+fe71*vp71; tb1=-(we1+we2+we3+we4+we5)/w1; printf(%2d%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3fn,i+1,t1/dr,fr1,bt1/dr,fr3,bt3/dr,tb,tb1); fprintf(fp,%2d%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3f%10.3fn,i+1,t1/dr,fr1,bt1/dr,fr3,bt3/dr,tb,tb1); tbdrawi=tb; tb1drawi=tb1;fr1drawi=fr