1、现在完成时表示1)过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果(即它的完成用法)e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.2)过去已经开始,一直持续到现在的动作或状态。注意:此时动作可能还要继续。(即它的未完成用法)。E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.其结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同,不规则变化需要另记。它的否定句是在have/has后边加not,变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。E.g. I have ridden a hor
2、se. I have not ridden a horse. Have you ridden a horse?它的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。另外还可和since+表过去的时间点,for+时间段连用。做题时常见错误如下:一、易丢掉have/has例:He taken (take) the medicine before.答案:has taken解析:have/has 为助动词,起构成时态的作用,是不能省略的。我们可以这样记:“现在完成时态中,have/has 不可缺。”二、have与has易用混例:I has never he
3、ard (hear) of that before.答案:have heard三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错例:She has left (离开) for 2 hours. 答案:has been away解析:在肯定句中,与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词,不能是短暂性动词,但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。E.g. I havent bought clothes for one year. 在此题中leave是短暂性动词,不能与for+时间段连用,须把它改成相应的延续性动词。如stop be over等。此题中leave要改成be away。这两种词的转换是学习现在完成
4、时需要注意的。专项练习1、单选1 You have _ a tall young man.A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2 He has _ the watch for a year.A buy B bought C have D had3 Has your brother _ the dog?A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on4I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D ha
5、ve kept5 Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful.A gone B been C went D go6 Her brother _the Party since 1978.A joined B has joined C has been in D was in7 The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im sorry, I _ your name
6、.A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years.A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up.A planted has B planted have C has pl
7、anted D have planted答案:B 2 D 3 B 4D 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 A2、填空1 Have you ever _(take) a train?2 It _(be ) more than three years since Jim _(leave) here.3 Have you _(make)friends with your new classmates yet?4 I _(have) my lunch and Im not hungry now.5 Jim has never seen a panda, _he?6 We _(be
8、) good friends since we met at school.7 We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he_(go) home.8 He _(read) the book before.9 Mr. Green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.10 I _never_ (meet) her sister before.答案:1 taken 2 has been, left 3made 4 have had 5 has 6 have been 7 has gone 8 ha
9、s read 9 has taught 10 have met四、have been to与 have gone to 易弄混例:我去过北京。I have gone to Beijing.答案:I have been to Beijing.解析:have been to+地点 是表示曾去过某地,但此刻不在那儿(即在说话的地方)。而have gone to+地点 是表示去某地了,此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方(即不在说话的地方)。注意:这两个句式后接副词时,需省to。E.g. He has gone there.五、 忘记把already变成yet例:I have already finished
10、 my homework.(变一般疑问句)Have you already finished your homework?答案:Have you finished your homework yet?解析:现在完成时态中,肯定句中有already,变否定句或疑问句时通常要改为yet六、在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来例:Ill go with you when I finish(finish) my homework.答案:have finished解析:在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作,用现在完成时。但注意,此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成,若两动作同时发生,或几乎同时发生,则一般不用现在完成时。另外,现在完成时易与一般过去时弄混,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复。
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